Most Honorable Character Hector or Achilles - 1252 Words

George Honey Mrs. Moore English Literature 3 April 2011 Most Honorable Character: Hector or Achilles? Honor: honesty, fairness, or integrity in one s beliefs and actions; this is the definition by which these two characters, Hector and Achilles, ought to be judged. By taking this definition to heart, Achilles is far from honorable. Throughout the Iliad, Achilles acts on rage and revenge. â€Å"Rage-Goddess, sing the rage of Peleus’ son Achilles, murderous, doomed, that cost the Achaens countless losses, hurling down to the House of Death so many sturdy souls, great fighters’ souls, but made their bodies carrion, feasts for the dogs and birds†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1, 1-5) From the beginning of the epic the reader learns of Achilles rage and wants for†¦show more content†¦Hector also killed Patroclus. He is well respected by not only his comrades, but by his enemies as well. When he decided to stop and speak in the midst of battle, both sides stopped fighting just to listen to him. He is a loving husband and devoted father, as well as devoted son and sibling. He did n ot hurt his brother when he confessed he would rather sleep around than go into battle. Hector fights in his kingdom, unlike any of the Achaean commanders do, which shows even more honor. Hector has a deep real love for his wife and children. They are his first and foremost thought, not himself such as Achilles. As much as he loves his family, he is always committed to his responsibilities for Troy. When he took the leadership role of Troy, he commits his life to serving his country and follows through with his commitment until his death. Although respected and a mighty warrior, like most heroes, Hector also had flaws. The flaw of his that stands out the most is his cowardice. Such cowardice is demonstrated when he runs away from runs away from Ajax two times. He then receives insults from his soldiers and is emotionally instable for a moment. This causes him to treat his opponents and others very cruelly. When Achilles first challenges Hector, Hector tries to talk his way out of it; yet again showing his cowardice. But, in the end, Hector decides to battle Achilles even though he knows the gods haveShow MoreRelatedHector and Achilles as Classic Heroes of Homers Iliad Essay983 Words   |  4 Pages Hector and Achilles as Classic Heroes of Homers Iliad nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; Literary heroes have been important to stories and poems throughout history. Each author develops his hero through a unique writing style, combining conscious use of detail, diction, tone and other narrative techniques to outline a heros personality. Homer, in his epic poem The Iliad, develops two classic heroes who are distinctly different at first glance, but upon closer inspection are very similar inRead MoreFate Vs Fate Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pagesspecifically in the poem, The Iliad, there is a clear representation of whether it is free will or fate after all. Although we may never know whether there is a predetermined path or rather just free, it can only make one wonder. For most Greek Mythology, it is been evident that most of people’s decisions were not free will but rather fate itself. While people think they have free will, it may just be fate after all. Fate or free will is evident in the poem The Iliad. In the Iliad, there are endless struggleRead MoreEssay on Differences in Heroes in The Iliad780 Words   |  4 Pagescommands ! Never again, I trust, will Achilles yield to you – My hands will never do battle for that girl, Neither with you, King, nor any man Alive.†(p 111) With these wrathful words of Achilles to his commander Agamemnon, so begins the sequence of events in The Iliad that ultimately pits Achilles the runner against Hector, breaker of horses. Although these men were already enemies, Achilles being an Achaean and Hector being a Trojan, it is truly Achilles’ rage that makes the rivalry personalRead MoreEssay on A Review of the Movie Troy808 Words   |  4 Pagesthe most noticeable differences between the book and the movie is the absence of the Gods. In Homers Iliad, the Gods played a major part in the Trojan War. Though the viewers are made aware that the characters believe in the Gods, the only God we see in the movie is Thetis, Achilles mother. The omission of the Gods from the movie may give the audience a chance to view the characters more believable, however by omitting the Gods, the viewer did not get the full history of the characters. Read MoreThe Illiad by Homer1157 Words   |  5 Pagesperson in The Iliad that can be considered god-like is Trojan prince Hector. He is also a commander on the Trojan side, and he truly the greatest Trojan warrior. The character of this Trojan hero is dynamic and changes throughout the book. At the beginning of the book he acts like a great warrior should. He is the most brave out of all the Trojans. Hector leads his army and never fails. In the later part of the book we see Hector as a brave warrior but we are also introduced to his other side, hisRead MoreA Dynamic Greek Epic Poem Iliad1354 Words   |  6 Pagescelebrate wars. Realities of the war were never ignored; their men died ferociously whiles their women became slaves or courtesan. Heroes in Iliad also chose soldierly exaltation or honor over the life of their families. Hector and Achilles who were the classic hero characters in the test valued their braveness, nobleness, fame and integrity and made a voluntarily sacrif ice to be in war rather than to live with their families and those they love. The author’s detailing imagery in theRead MoreThe Epic Poem Of Troy1356 Words   |  6 Pagescelebrate wars. Realities of the war were never ignored; their men died ferociously whiles their women became slaves or courtesan. Heroes in Iliad also chose soldierly exaltation or honor over the life of their families. Hector and Achilles who were the classic hero characters in the test valued their braveness, nobleness, fame and integrity and made a voluntarily sacrifice to be in war rather than to live with their families and those they love. The author’s detailing imagery in theRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Iliad, Heroism801 Words   |  4 Pagesthe reader will side with; Achilles or Hector. Society’s image of a hero demands for an altruistic, strong, and compassionate figure, but Homer refutes this idea of a hero. Homer’s Iliad demonstrates that in a realistic society, there is no such thing as a complete hero, and that true heroism does not exist. ​Achilles, the Achaean trophy soldier, was the creation of a mortal named Paleus and of a Goddess named Thetis. Because of his immortality given by his mother, Achilles is exceptionally strong andRead MoreThe Iliad Herioc Code1444 Words   |  6 PagesClassical Epic: Gods and Heroes Paper #1 The heroic code in the Iliad is expressed by many characters throughout the book, whether it be through their actions, intentions, or teachings. The heroic code stems from the belief that honor is, above all, the most important virtue in life and all men must honor themselves, their families, and their fellow comrades through specific character traits and actions. This concept is the primary goal in a Homeric hero’s life. Specifically, courageRead MoreCharacter Changes In The Iliad To Troy1558 Words   |  7 PagesCharacter Changes from The Iliad to Troy Narratives need to have well-developed characters. As authors and translators do revisions and translations, they often change things in a piece, most often how the plot runs and how the characters act. Greek mythology has a strong idea of what makes a hero as well as certain ideals of honor and war. This essay will be looking at the character changes of Paris of Troy -- his cowardice, unmanliness, and lack of spirit -- through the novel The Iliad, by Homer

Homeschooling Is A Better Option Than Public Schooling

Homeschooling is the traditional form of education where parents are responsible for teaching their children from home. This form of education is nothing new it s what people have always done. Education laws were not passed until 1918. It wasn t until the 1960’s that the homeschooling movement begun. There are many different reasons parents have for homeschooling such as religious views, unhappiness with the current educational system, allowing children to develop character and morality, convenience, ability to travel and strengthening family bonds, Many people wonder whether homeschooling or publics school will be best for their children. The outcomes of homeschooling are often superior to public school education and prepares children for the adult world. The proof for the success of homeschooling is undeniable and the statistics do not lie. Homeschooling is a better option than public schooling because it gives children the freedom to learn and devote their time to activitie s that the family values as worthwhile. Children who are homeschooled learn about closeness and depending on each other. This fosters community and the sharing of experiences. An increase in adult-child interaction gives opportunities for families to reach common goals and set up stronger relationships. Homeschooling promotes family. Families have the right to encourage their values and beliefs in their children. While public schools are convenient for many people and have their benefits itShow MoreRelatedDisadvantages Of Homeschooling1426 Words   |  6 PagesHomeschooling should be considered as a viable option for educating children K-12 along with public schooling and private schooling. Homeschooling can be chosen for negative reasons, such as sheltering children or providing an easier opportunity for parental abuse. It is somewhat controversial both legally and socially with stigmas attached to it that are not always true. However, homeschooling is a form of education that has many benefits. It can provide a safe environment and be a worthwhileRead MoreThe Impacts of Homeschooling on Interpersonal Skills among University Students759 Words   |  3 Pages2.5 Impacts of Homeschooling on Interpersonal Skills There are quite numbers of studies related to interpersonal skills and socialization of homeschooling children including the positive impacts and also the negative impacts. According to Hatter (n.d.), homeschooling children are often expose to a various situations and people throughout educational activities by their parents. Thus, homeschoolers actually gain very essential experiences by interacting with adults and children from different agesRead MoreThe Effectiveness Of Home Schooling1693 Words   |  7 PagesHome Schooling I. Introduction According to the National Home Education Research Institute (NHERI), the number of homeschoolers rose up to 300,000 in 1992 to an estimated 2 million in 2003. Homeschooling has been around since 1960s, created by John Holt, a humanist. He believes that homeschooling is one of the greatest educational movements of our time. Supporters love the idea of students being homeschooled rather than being exposed to public schools because they believe that homeschooling studentsRead MoreThe Advantages of Homeschooling800 Words   |  4 PagesThe Advantages of Homeschooling The reasons home schooling has an advantage over public schools are: children can learn at their own pace, homeschooling allows for a more customized learning experience, and it brings families closer together. One of the reasons is because children can learn at their own pace. First, Children need to feel secure in order to learn and retain information. Children who are welcomed to learn at their own pace have a higher sense of security than that of a student whoRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Homeschooling1749 Words   |  7 PagesHomeschooling In today’s society, homeschooling is looked down upon. Many think the students involved will lack social skills. Some people are against it because they think it gives younger children a sense of authority by being able to plan their own schooling. Others are opposed to homeschooling just because it is uncommon in society and they do no want to be outcasts. To home school a child it does require much more attention and time than traditional schooling, but the results prove it can beRead MoreCollege Students Drop Out Of School Every Year1004 Words   |  5 Pagesamong 27 industrialized nations (TBF, 2012). These astronomically large numbers are why I chose this topic. Public schooling is in crisis, and more and more people are opting to go to private schools or be homeschooled. Even through all of this, there are many glimpses of hope. Many public schools are still very good, and competitive towards private schools. On the flip side, other public schools, namely in big cities , are also colossally behind the suburban schools that are competitively good. LuckilyRead MoreHomeschooling: A Beneficial Alternative1177 Words   |  5 PagesHomeschooling: a Beneficial Alternative â€Å"Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration,† are the words of Thomas Edison whom, after having his teacher claim he was not teachable, was taken out of school to be homeschooled by his mother. After some radical accounts of homeschooling gone wrong, Americans currently tend to believe this form of education is of lesser quality than to that compared of public schooling. However, this alternative option is actually a plausibleRead MoreHomeschooling Persuasive Speech1000 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Homeschooling Persuasive Speech NAME: David Breaker SPEECH #: 4 SPEECH TITLE: Homeschooling SUPPORTING MATERIALS SOURCE(S): â€Å"Disadvantages of Homeschooling†. Homeschool Companion. July 20 2014. Merry, Micheal S., and Sjored Karsten. Restricted Liberty, Parental Choice And Homeschooling. Journal Of Philosophy Of Education 44.4 (2010): 497-514. Sorey, Kellie, and Molly H. Duggan. Homeschoolers Entering Community Colleges: Perceptions Of Admission Officers. Journal Of College Admission 200Read MoreHomeschooling Is The Best Option For Parent Should Educate Their Students At Home965 Words   |  4 PagesHomeschooling Should Be Teaching In most countries in the World, governments require student to attend traditional school that trained instructors are responsible to provide them an approved basic education. However, there are number of parents believe homeschooling that is much better than public schooling. Many parents think homeschooling is flexible in how learning or teaching, so they can easier focus individual attention and choose curriculum that are based on a family s own beliefs and valuesRead MoreEssay on Homeschooling1603 Words   |  7 PagesHomeschooling The definition of homeschooling is to instruct a pupil in an educational program outside of established schools (www.Dictionary.com). Homeschooling is a good alternative to public schools because of certain religious issues, standardized test success, and variety of options for homeschool students, but in some states homeschoolers are having trouble with the school system. Homeschooling has been on the rise in the United States and its popularity continues to grow among

Sydney Photography Society-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write an article suitable for Publication in a newspaper, magazine, street press, zine, blog, website etc, or suitable to be read on a radio or television arts and culture-type program. Answer: Imagining a world without any images is impossible. Imagining a world without insects is possible, maybe for most of the entomophobs, but it is not for the macro photographers. The world has many wonders hidden in its lap and it is the artists who bring them forward to the outer world. Macro photographers are such artists who explore such unexplored territories of nature. As Murakami talks about the trees, a macro photographer feels that the stars are the small living creatures of the nature, they are alive, breathing and watching the humans. However, it is the macro photographers who reciprocate to those non existing beings with equal importance as a fashion photographer does with his model. The backdrop also becomes significant backdrop to capture the right beauty of the subjects. It is not just a green curtain that serves as the backdrop, for any outdoor photographer the nature matters a lot. The photography treats thee nature like its canvas and the strange creatures as their mus e. The significant difference from other genres of photography is that here the manipulation with the subject is not desired. The subject acts, reacts in his own natural terms and the real challenge for the photographer is to capture a precious moment and giving it a value of its own. Sydney has always been an exciting place for the photographers from around the world. The diverse landscape, rich wildlife, artistic architecture and vibrant streets, there is a lot to see, experience and capture in Sydney, said the talented photographer Shivam Sureka. He is a member of The Macquarie Photography Society (MPS) based in Sydney, Australia. Shivam specializes in macro photography. Not many of the readers can get excited with the idea of catching a bug or spider in the jungle and photograph it. However photographic artists like Shivam presents a different aesthetics of photography. The macro images of the jungle or from the domestic may evoke disgust in the superficial perspective but once the spectator sees the close image of the creature he will realize that superficially considered repulsive insect is strangely beautiful. The macro photography is that genre of photography that is capable of raising questions to the preconceived notion of beauty of the viewers. This is echoed in what Shivam states, that macro photography has opened up a new world for him. Capturing the motion of a moving insect is equal to capturing a moment beyond reality as the subtle movements cannot be seen in naked eyes. Photography is about freezing a moment of reality through the plasticity of the technical medium but it is controlled by the imaginative human mind and experienced technical skills. As an experienced photographer Shivam explains that it is not easy to choose a specific genre of photography at the starting, the forte should be developed gradually through experimentations as he did during his initial phase of photography learning with portrait, landscape and other kinds of photography. When a photographer takes a slice of reality and takes it beyond the realistic implications, he becomes an artist but above that when he establishes his own style through it, he becomes a photo-auteur. Art does not always has to reflect the socio political situations directly all the time. There are certain eternal earthly aspects that has never-ending appeal and nature is one of them. The mysteries, the unexplored territories, the apparently invisible gems hold beauty that are yet to be explored and bro ught to the surface. The photographic societies with their talented and enthusiastic photographers are devoted in the mission of exploring such areas of hidden beauty. Also often artists forget that the nature and world is not only about humans, there are other smaller creatures who the humans often tend to ignore. The ignorance results in the loss of certain beautiful moments that these macro photographers are determined to capture. As Shivam refers it to the other world. It is the big world of little creatures with their own unique activities. Presenting the diverse images of the different world with aesthetic excellence is drawing significant amount of attention from the industry experts. Sydney is one the most preferred place for photographers as they get everything at a single place. The nature is attractive enough for the wild life photographers to spend hours or the rich cityscapes are powerful enough for their photographic canvas. The sea side landscapes and the beaches are captured often through their lenses. The daylight is really important for the photographers as it provides them with ample natural light and Sydney offers this benefit to its beauty-capturers. Sydney is a famous and active multicultural place that brings together photographers from around the world. Photography has become a popular media and there are also financial opportunities that can be utilized. Sydney also organizes multiple competitions and exhibitions that can help the future professionals to develop their career. The photography societies in Sydney are great place for any photographer to start his journey. The positive atmosphere in Sydney is extremely inspiring for the photographers to enhance their knowledge and skills. The photography society went through a long journey before reaching to its current state. Macquarie Photography Society is photography society mainly run by the students of Macquarie University. The photography society aims to gather enthusiastic students from Macquarie University who are has passion for photography. The photography does not require only professionals and welcomes anyone with love for photography. This is the first photography society of Macquarie University. Photography societies for an amateur to start his or her journey. The fresh minds with the fling for photography are almost like the raw material for future artwork and few can turn out to be masterpieces. The photography societies at like the mediator between their dream and the destination. The Macquarie University organizes effective workshops for the beginners and encourages the skilled one to participate in the competitions. The outdoor photography is organized as well that to help the photographers nourish their skills. The society encourages the photographers to learn new and different styles and techniques of photography. The photography society utilizes the social networking sites as effective platforms to connect to their members and keep them updated. The society has experienced ups and downs in recent past still it managed to gather 1,585 members. Shivam Sureka is an active member with practical experience in photography field. Shivam Does magic with his macro lenses when he captures the strange and incredible beauties of the little beings. The protagonists of the macro photographys pictorial narrative could be arthropods, bugs, insects or worms. However, the attraction towards the unconventional beauty generally comes naturally to the artists. The passion is spontaneous as Shivam felt at early age that for expressing his thoughts photographic medium is most suitable. The photograph demands costly macro lenses to perfectly capture the beauty and experimentation often prove to be expensive. The digital camera like the Fujifilm Superzoom model with its external flash section and macro lens made the moments more accessible to the photographers. The focus stacking is the next revolution that changed the scenario of the macro photography, there come the contribution of the photography societies. Without proper technical training the macro photography can prove to be difficult so the workshops, master classes, first hand experiences and knowledge sharing offer the photographers with deep insight that guide the photographers to the right direction. They photography societies also help the photographers with licensing which often bec omes a hurdle for the outdoor photographers. Macro photography is also attractive to the photographers because it never lacks the subjects. The subjects are available everywhere especially in a place like Sydney where the geographical and environmental diversity work in favor of that. This compelling aspect of macro photography is truly appealing for the photo enthusiasts as they can find a luring exotic subject in his front yard garden. Jacky Parker, Thomas Shahan and Nordin Seruyan are few of the world famous macro photographers.The photographers can take shelter in the wilderness or take a stroll on the Bondi beach and discover his muse for the day. Shivam explored the Bondi Beach and his few dedicated hours resulted in some breathtaking images of apparently insignificant creatures. Photography requires technical skills but whether the technical skills should be acquired through institutional learning or self-study that needs discussion. Extended research is required before choosing the field of study as every field is different from the others. The primary difference is the learning based on film photography and digital photography. The photographic institutions provide opportunities to the students to meet likeminded people and share common feelings. The connections they build up during this period help them in their career in future. The film based fashion photography course are limited in Australia. The qualification helps the photographers to refine their skills and gain knowledge on supporting software like Photoshop that help them redefine their styles. At the same time the courses might not really help to build the perfect portfolio. A student photographer can create his or her portfolio independently away from the curriculum. The fashion photography doe s not offer much knowledge about the commercial aspects but learn more about the legalities and contracts. On the other side of the fashion photography there are photojournalism, travel and landscape photography. Though the qualification certificate will not be helping the photographers or the employers to select the candidate but the skills will definitely enhance the photographers capability. Photography can be a fulfilling career if the photographer can combine his artistic knowledge with technical skills, but the administrative knowledge like registering with states and setting up tax IDs are also required to develop the brand. If the photographer is passionate enough it is not impossible for him to establish a successful photography business. The authoritative power gives immense pleasure to the photographer and he can indulge more into the creative realm. The independent photographers get to visit places wherever they want. Going full time in the photography will help the phot ographer to not only develop as an artist or creative person but he or she will be developed as a human being. Finally, the photographer gets to do what he loves and the satisfaction is what any creative person lives for. The photographer must consider the ethics while photographing in the public places. In places like beach peoples privacy might get affected by the photographing. Now a day a lot issues are coming regarding the ethical issues of the photographer as certain images display that the subjects permission might not have been taken during the process. Photography has always been subject of interest to most people irrespective of their intellectual capability. It is undeniable that with the coming of digital media and the availability of camera in various ranges of personal devices from mobile phones to tabs have increased the tendency of photography of most people. Everyone has taken a photo or two in his life time. Now the question is whether those images became pieces of art or not. The survey shows that most of the people knows about the photography through the images they see every day in various modes from newspaper to social media. The survey also highlights that most of the people keep a secret interest of photography, even if they are not being unable to pursue it professionally. However, a significant number of the respondents feel they lack the skills to become a professional photographer and might not choose a character of full time photography. As insignificant as the sand particles become so expensive in those digital images that the photographer took. The photo of an alive unknown bug on the sand of Bondi Beach taken by Shivam tells so many stories. The photographer should engage in art and commercial both aspects in order to sustain for a longer period. Traditional photography was losing its glory but genres like macro photography is bringing it back successfully with its aesthetical and technical strength. There are few macro photographers like Shivam who are engaged in an underexplored arena of photography that must be appreciated more. The contribution of the photography society in this mission is as indispensable as the small creatures to the nature.

Lenins April theses Essay Example

Lenins April theses Paper The twentieth century has been overshadowed by a clash of two ideologies, both representing a social, political and economic world order; one of the existing capitalist system, the other of revolutionary socialism. In April 1917 Vladimir Lenin, a revolutionary Marxist activist, writer and thinker, issued a series of directives on return from exile in an effort to subvert the energy of a revolution towards an uncompromising monolithic channel, famously known as the April Theses. This thesis influenced a further revolution in October by a coup detat establishing the Bolshevik party in power. This revolution established the worlds first Communist state, based on the ideas and theories of Karl Marx; challenging the existing capitalist status quo of the west. Becoming, further a catalyst and inspiration for socialist, as well as non-socialist movements across the globe. However, from its outset creating an ambiguous character, on the one hand utopian in nature, but on the other, tainted with the hallmark of authoritarianism and false premise1 From the latter half of the nineteenth century Russia saw large unrest2. Further, newly found social, political and economical moods, of mixed character began prevailing3, threatening the existing autocratic rule of the Tsar. Along with liberalism, anarchism, and conservatism, new ideas of socialism and change began to show colour. Years of unrest eventually lead to the abdication of the Tsar in 1917, followed by a power struggle. Although a provisional government was established, lead by Gregory Lvov4, in reality a dual power had emerged. One of the Soviet5 and one of the Duma6; the former the voice of the workers and peasants, and the latter representing society7, with a make-up of moderate socialists and liberals, operating with at least the passive approval of the Soviet8. We will write a custom essay sample on Lenins April theses specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lenins April theses specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lenins April theses specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Vladimir Lenin had inspired the creation of the Bolshevik party, with his pamphlet what is to be done? . He was ideologically a radical Marxist revolutionary, on return from exile he issued his theses, primarily to the Bolshevik party, taking into account the mood of the country; he called for all power to the soviets. He condemned the provisional government and urged no support for it, for it was bourgeois, deceiving the masses, calling the war9 imperialist. The war had largely been accepted as a means of defence, even within the socialist ranks. The Bolsheviks differed from the Cadets, Mensheviks and SRs, who had been to the left, but with the fall of the tsar, they had taken on the role of heirs11. Lenin argued for a revolutionary defeatism12. Instead he called for state power to be passed to the proletariat and poor sections of the peasants13; breaking from capitalist interests, as well as all annexations14. Describing the present period as a transitional stage, which was due to the shortcomings of the class conscious proletariat. Who allowed power to be at the hands of the bourgeois, foretelling a transition of power to the proletariat. Lenin recognised the established rights structure. The provisional government had pioneered a structure of rights and liberties for the first time in Russias history, but the agrarian question had been postponed15, to which Lenin became an opportunist. Indeed Lenins doctrine of a class struggle and the idea of democracy as nothing more than a smoke screen lead him to banishing the idea of parliamentary republic, which he called would be a retrograde step; the only acceptable form of government would be a union of soviets. In reality the bourgeoisie had tried to master democracy by associating with it and taking charge of it16. Lenin demanded the dismantlement of the state structure and bureaucracy; something he later did, with the creation of his own secret police, the cheka and the red terror campaign. Ironically he had called for this as a utopian alternative, to the existing system he would have the masses envisage. In agrarian policy he called for a shift in emphasis, all landed estates should be confiscated and put at the disposal agrarian soviets under nationalisation, as well as the nationalisation of all banks. Lenin was a proponent of Hilfedings concept, who believed that control of the chief banks in the country would make it possible to regulate the economy17; although he realised its inadequacies, and introduced the NEP once in power. He further introduced the concept of socialism, a central theme in Marxs ideas, calling not for its immediate introduction, but only in order to control production and distribution. He ended his speech with several party tasks, a change in the partys name and an international outlook. Unlike Stalin later, who would advocate socialism in one country, Lenin believed in an international idea of socialism which would overthrow capitalism; and for some time saw passive socialist movements across Europe. Although kalinin was of the opinion nothing was new in Lenins theses, from that of an earlier party manifesto, Lenin did however add firm direction. Until this point many senior Bolsheviks were opposed to radical change, including, Stalin and Kamenev; he had a powerful drive with an obsessive belief in revolution18. Lenin promised Peace, bread, land and workers control,with slogans of all power to the soviets; the prospect from escaping from the deadlock of a powerful state became too irresistible in the social and political dynamic of Russia. All hopes of a democratic system thus became a far reality, as the Petrograd Soviet would begin to gain popular support and authority19. The fact that Russia had failed to make sufficient progress, economically, politically and socially became all too apparent. Further, the provisional governments coalition began to expose differences on key issues such as the economic system, land and the workforce. The years to come saw the fall of the provisional government, with the Bolsheviks taking control followed by almost three years of civil war, with the other factions taking arms up against the Bolsheviks. Lenin showed no regard for his fellow citizens, mercilessly crushing any opposition. Marxist theory of the withering away of capitalism, the idea of the pheasants as conservative class hardly fitted Marxist theory. Lenin had to re-write his revolutionary script to fit backward Russia into a revolution before the West, and give the large majority of the peasants a role20, as well as the soldiers, whom he needed for vital support. Although Carr21 describes him as self conscious, it seems he was obsessed with ideology in pursuit of a utopian society, periodically becoming pragmatic, realising Marxist theories and the economic works of Hildferding as inconsistent .As Valentines memoirs suggest a man with much personal charm, but with narrow intellectual horizon22. He laid down instead a foundation for authoritarianism, which would continue for decades to come. The communist state represented the opposite of political thinking to the west (although adopting socialist elements), Marxist-Leninism claimed universal validity, inspiring revolutionary activity universally, and so a challenge to the west; the Berlin wall, eventually becoming a visible polarization. However with the fall of the USSR, and its former members reversal from friend to foe, clearly highlights the triumph of capitalism and western democracy. Bibliography Carr, E. H. The Russian Revolution: From Lenin to Stalin 1917-1929. Hampshire and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Coates, T (editor). The Russian Revolution 1917. Norwich: stationary office. 2000. Gaida, F. A. Revolution, power, and the Bourgeoisie. Russian Studies in History. 2003, vol.41(no 4),p 9-30. Hosking, G. Russia and the Russians. London: Penguin, 2002.