Concert Review

Despite slavery legally ending in 1 865, African Americans still didn't have the same rights as white Americans. â€Å"Jazz was music that both black and white people could enjoy. By the 1 sass, jazz was growing in popularity and included influences from Europe as well as Africa† (Washington post). The Jazz Band featured a series of special guests such as Johnny Gonzales (Saxophone), Dennis Dotson (Trumpet), and Bobby Guess (Bass Trombone). High's Blues is a tune that was composed by Jeff Jarvis.The primary instrumentalists were Jeff Lam with he Vibes, Kali Pinions with the Alto Sax, Ray Hills with the Piano, Ashley Flowers with the Trumpet, and Jimmy Banks with the Guitar. This piece's dynamic or volume was fortissimo and/or very loud. The melody seemed to have been fairly conjunct with metered rhythm. The texture was apparently homophobic with a thick texture. Cantaloupe Island is a tune that was composed by Hancock. The primary instrumentalists were Each Outlander with the Trumpet and Tory Zimmerman with the Fullerton. The Fullerton is defined as a brass musical instrument like a cornet but with a mellower tone.The use of the Fullerton in this piece demonstrated the wide dynamic range the ensemble had. The dynamics or volume was fortissimo and/or very loud. Candy Dancer is a tune that was composed by Jeff Jarvis. The primary instrumentalists were Marcel Primes with the Bass, Michael Williams with the Piano, Kali Pinions with the Alto Sax, Ashley Flowers with the Trumpet, and Jimmy Banks with the Guitar. Horn of Pungent is a tune that was composed by Goodwin. The primary instrumentalist was Ashley Mowers with the Trumpet. This was one of the first solo performances that the band completed.The trumpet, being a brass musical instrument with a flared bell and a bright, penetrating tone, influenced the dynamic or volume of the piece to be fortissimo or very loud. The rhythm was also metered and the Timbre or quality of sound was very clear. Another piece t hat essentially managed to do the same thing was Top Dog. Top Dog is a tune that was composed by Yeastiness. The primary instrumentalist was Each Outlander with the Trumpet. Both solos demonstrated both virtuosity and expression, along with some humorous moments. Solo's serve to highlight performers' ability to playOff each other, while allowing his or her individual strength to shine through. Aaron's Blues is a tune that was composed by Chip McNeill. The primary instrumentalists were Michael Williams with the Piano, Eel Baker, with the Alto Sax, Bobby Guess with the Bass Trombone, and Denny Willie with the Trumpet. This piece contained a strong melody with a Forte or loud dynamic. Magellan is a tune that was composed by Strongmen. The primary instrumentalists were Michael Williams with the Piano, Dennis Dotson with the Trumpet, and Bob Peel with the Tenor Sax.This piece seemed to be a bit distinct or â€Å"jumping all over the place† because of the unusual instruments that w ere combined. For the most part, this piece's dynamic was fortissimo or very loud while the timbre or quality of sound was clear. Jeannine is a tune that was arranged by Taylor. The primary instrumentalists were Dennis Dotson with the Trumpet and Johnny Goggles with the Sax. This piece reminded me of â€Å"Hot Jazz† that was played in Jazz Houses by imitators of New Orleans. There's Only So Much Oil in the Ground is a tune that was arranged by Tomato.The primary instrumentalists were Johnny Goggles with the Sax and Michael Williams with the Top Organ sounds. This piece seemed to be fortissimo or very loud. It seemed to be Polyphonic by containing multiple melodic lines of equal importance. Finally, Rock This Town is a tune that was arranged by Dave Wolfe. The primary instrumentalists Were Dennis Dotson with the Trumpet and Johnny Goggles with the Sax. This piece was fortissimo or very loud. This piece also reminded me of the â€Å"swing† era where music was performed i n order to encourage dance. They called this era the â€Å"binge band RA†.

World Transformation and Lifestyle Change

Jen and I sat down in the far corner of the dinner and began talking. Everything was going fine until our order arrived. To my disgust the New Jersey native, Jen, started to eat her slice of pizza with her hands. Now, you may be asking what†s wrong with that? It is a common site to walk into a pizza parlor and see everyone handling their food, but to an Argentine native like myself anything else than a fork and knife would seem barbaric. Instances like this occur every day throughout the world because of cultural differences. Another good example by Dean Barnlund, in Communication in Global Village is when former President Nixon and former president Sato met to discuss a growing problem between the two nations. Because of poor â€Å"global communication† their words where miss under stood and as a result a new wave of Words from author Dean Barnlund, who expects that â€Å"as our world is transformed our neighbors increasingly will be people whose life styles contrast sharply with our own. Barnlund points out that this transformation-a kind of â€Å"world† blender-through our newly acquired technologies, such as the internet, jet travel, low cost phones, and the ncrease of study abroad programs will expose us to a variety of cultures and ultimately make the world â€Å"shrink†. Mr. Barnlund seems to hold a mostly positive view about a global community. I am led to believe this because his book, Communication in a Global Village, supplies us with the problems we will and have encountered, and offers us advice on how to deal with it. It seems to me that Barnlund is not so much worried about the end result of globalism, but rather with the tensions involved in its creation. Signs of globalism are sprouting all around us. A couple of months ago World Cup 98 took place in France: A world soccer tournament in which almost all countries participated (about 100 or more). The World Cup is the most watched event in human history (La Blanc and Henshaw 2), and has served as a tool to unite cultures together. Where else could one watch 11 Iranian men defeat 11 Americans with out a single act of bloodthirsty violence? The World Cup ignites a flame brighter in patriotism than the Olympics, and exposes us to people from all around. When a country (Holland) beats your maternal one (Argentina) Fairly (the blame always goes to the referee, a trait all ountries agree in ? ), the emotion proceeding the initial heartbreaking pain is that of respect. What makes this tournament so beneficial to the global village is that after you have finished cheering for your team, you look into others to carry your imagination. Other events that will serve as a great spark for globalism are those such as the new Eurodollar. A standard form of currency not only shows us that countries can agree on something, and are indeed dependant on each other, but will also help people spread more easily from country to country, ultimately breaking down cultural boundaries. One doesn†t have to look farther than the ground we stand in to see the effects that globalism would have on cultures. The United States is a prime example of globalism. 1) By having so many different types of people we are influenced in varying ways such as in, sports, religion, education, family, and in the business world. 2) Helps create a better overall society, that has â€Å"global† social skills. ) Makes a community that represents all the ideals and ways of life. 4) Helps the speed and spread of technology. 2) Often times in a desperate attempt to preserve a cultural identity, countries become inclusive. Ex. The many years it took the U. S to accept any other sports apart from Baseball, Hockey, Basketball, and American Football. 3) The lack of seclusion will create generic art, music, and ideas. Back in time cultures such as the Incas and the Egyptians-because of isolation-were vastly different. I recently flipped my television to a Japanese station and saw a â€Å"Rock† band. Not that there is anything wrong with that but the distinction between cultures is fading. Another example in the music industry is how British music influences America. (Beatles, Radiohead, Prodigy, etc. ) I personally hold a bitter-sweet look into globalism. Since I am a product of culture shock I feel I have experienced it first hand. I believe that globalism would be beneficial to humanity but it would ultimately make it a very bland world where everyone thinks the same way and does everything the same way, and being an artist that†s the last thing I would want. Gone will be the days of contrasts such as African art from Egyptian. Another thing that keeps me from being totally pro-globalist is that the education system in the U. S (one of the most crucial nations for globalism) does a very poor job educating its youth about anything but itself. Students are bombarded with U. S histories all throughout grade school and high school with very little â€Å"world† education. This self- centered mentality is also seen in our newspapers, where foreign affairs are only covered if they are directly affecting us. It seems we only hear about other nations when there is a war or we have sent them money. Opening the sport section clearly shows the lack of international coverage. Newspapers in Europe and South America not only post their sporting news, but those of other nations (including the American sports). I think it is a lot more important to know a little bit about other cultures than to have all the We already know the positive and negative results that globalism would have, however, the question remains: is it really possible to achieve globalism? In order to determine we must first clarify what is needed in order to achieve a â€Å"global friendly† community. In my previous paper, Loneliness: a national feeling? I wrote that â€Å"For the most part, good communities offer a stable and trusting environment, where freedom of choice and expression is encouraged. Little discrimination, support, protection, and success leading involvement, also constitute good characteristics. † The ey term is: expression. Every person must learn to accept, and if not possible, respect others forms of expression. Obviously, we have not done a good job which is proven by our constant racial and sexual discriminations. In order for a Global Village to succeed, there are three points that must be focused on: technology, education, and understanding. Technology has already reached a point where it is allowing people from across the world to unite with no delay time. The world overall has had an increase in literacy, but even scholars are often ignorant of the â€Å"world† language. Schools and more importantly adults have to take the responsibility and eliminate prejudice from our youths mind. And of course, education would prove useless unless we are understanding and have an open mind. Greed for power, the unwillingness to accept new ways of life (clinging to your roots), and the mentality that we are all â€Å"too different†, are the three main killers of globalism. It is because of stubbornness and an immense greed that globalism has not already taken full effect. I believe that it is possible to achieve something close to globalism. My theory is hat in the future nations will unite because of political needs, shared wealth, and military allies. Countries in Europe and South America have already began to open up their borders. The result would be a couple of different communities. I am sure that a total global community is possible, but unless our planet is being jeopardized by alien beings I highly doubt that we will ever find enough motivation. Globalism is definitely coming on headstrong with its good and bad points. But, then again, nothing good in life comes free of burdens and in the end it will be up to the people to decide whether the sacrifices Barlund, Dean.

Exam Questions - Employee Relations Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exam Questions - Employee Relations - Coursework Example Collective bargaining refers to the participation of trade unions, free market sympathizers and employee representatives in determining and setting up of employee’s pay. Such practices are meant to ensure that when setting up the pays, the rights of the employees are taken care of. Since 1879, the trend in the collective bargaining has been moving from the decentralized collective bargain. Unitarism is a theory of autonomy that is characterized by minimal external influence in the decision making process. In this approach, there is very little involvement of the employees in the decision making. Unitarism is autocratic in nature. Pluralism on the other hand refers to a theory where there is very high level of trade union membership and involvement of employees in decision making. In this approach, the trade unions are clearly recognized to have a very legitimate role employee matters and how the employees and employer relate. Employee Relation in the United Kingdom as well as in the entire Europe has changed over the years. This has been in terms of the health and safety issues, collectivism and participation. United Kingdom has also witnessed the emergence of the freedom of association together with equal treatment frameworks that are all meant to ensure that employee rights are maintained. The state plays a central role in ER in almost all the countries including the United Kingdom. This is in terms of the polices as well as the legislations that are put in place by the state to ensure that the ER practices in a country does not exploit or deny the parties involved their rights. The state passes legislations and policies that are related to employee exploitation, exclusion and integration. Over the years, the trade unions in the United Kingdom and in Europe as a whole have reinvented and remodeled themselves to be able to respond to the ER needs that continue to

Manufacture and Sale of Counterfeit Goods Essay

Manufacture and Sale of Counterfeit Goods - Essay Example Peter Law, in his article, â€Å"A Call for more Sweatshop† and others who favor sweatshop labor argue that it provides a means of employment for the weaker section of the population which helps the lower income population to lead a better livelihood. In addition, such companies provide employment for women, and that would, in turn, help them to become more independent and self-supportive. While sweatshop labor does provide a means of employment for the people, the mental and physical turmoil endured by the employees is much more than the benefits gained. In addition, the manufacturing of fake goods by itself is illegal as it is a deliberate infringement of the intellectual property rights of companies that produce the original goods. Hence, stricter policies and judicial changes should be introduced to close down companies producing fake goods and help save the lives of millions of women and children who are forced to work under horrendous conditions. The production of fake or counterfeit products is a violation of intellectual property rights and it poses a significant threat to the world economy as both businesses as well as the consumers are at a loss. As mentioned by Goodwin, the intellectual property theft has affected the world economy to the tune of nearly $600 billion a year. The number of fake products being seized is increasing at an alarming rate with a recent report from the EU customs showing seizure of nearly 100 million products in 2001. This illegal trade is part of every sector such as the information technology sector, clothing, toy industry and pharmaceuticals to name a few and the global market of counterfeit products have risen from 3 billion a year to nearly 100 times more (Counterfeiting and Organised Crime). The sale of counterfeit products has risen sharply over the past decade. A recent report shows that both industrial and commercial counterfeiting represents about 5 to 7% of trade in the world.

Ride along with a Police Officer Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ride along with a Police Officer - Term Paper Example After checking the vehicle registration, the driver would then be requested to provide the driver’s license. The police officer would then request the driver to step out of the car as he communicates to the station confirming the arrest of the traffic offenders. Moreover, we could sometimes ask random cars to pull over hence checking their vehicle condition and their registration numbers. If the vehicle is found to be in bad condition, or the registration expired, the driver would be asked to accompany the police officer to the station. Even though the night was lonely and boring, I got the chance to interact with Officer Ottey. He explained that he has been in the police force for about 5 years. With a smile on his face, I could tell he was proud to be a police officer. Officer Ottey’s father and grandfather were both police officers who died in the line of duty hence he had to join the police in honor of his father and grandfather. Apart from the police is a well-paying job, the officer explained that he is proud to be of service to the society. In the course of our discussion, I found out that the police are one of the diligent and humble people in the society. They are trained to exercise humility and patience when handling criminals. In their department, every police officer is treated with respect from their department heads and their seniors. This is because the training of the police instills discipline and respect to the colleagues and other members of the society. After the lengthy explanations, I was curious to know the qualifications for one to join the police academy. Officer Ottey explained that a person willing should be above eighteen years of age and must possess a high school diploma. In addition, some states require 60 college credits with a clean criminal record for the last 5years.  

What is globalization, and what are some of the traditional Essay

What is globalization, and what are some of the traditional international trade theories that support the concept of globalization - Essay Example Vincent points out that the present form of globalization is defective as it is largely shaped by the rules made by the superpowers and that is why these rules do not necessarily benefit the developing countries. (Friedman 1992). Globalisation has come to involve a delocalization of business activities which previously involved face-to-face interaction, or that were local, due to long distances. This significant delocalization has occurred in the social and economic exchanges and cultural barriers have been accordingly broken). Business and commerce has taken the most effect from this phenomena as the internet has proven to be a tool on Globalisation as e-commerce has revolutionized the entire business scene and broken the notion of geographical boundaries. Globalisation brings with it low costs and through better networking and transport better business networking is possible.The cost of disseminating information has reduced due to the advent of instantaneous

Creating an HR Strategic Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Creating an HR Strategic Plan - Essay Example Moreover, it is responsible for every aspect of an employee such as their benefits, training and legal compliance. Since the sales are dependent on the capabilities of the sales force hired by the organization, it is also linked with the HR department but in an indirect way because hiring is done by the HR department and they also provide training to the employees. If the employees are performing well and are able to increase the sales of the company, it is apparent that the human resource department has hired the correct individuals for the job they are assigned to. (Leat, 2001). HR strategic plan The steps of HR strategic plan are mentioned below. 1. Firstly the organization needs to prepare itself since strategic planning requires a lot of time and energy. The top executive should be involved and costs need to be assessed. 2. A vision and the mission statement need to be developed. 3. The environmental scanning should be done by analyzing the strengths and the weaknesses of the in ternal organization as well as the opportunities and the threats of the external environment. Moreover, the other relevant economic information must be gathered and analyzed. 4. A gap analysis has to be done by identifying the gaps between the vision and the mission statements as well as the environmental scan. 5. Strategic planning is done by developing strategic in order to close the gaps that might occur. Measurement, timing, and budget strategies are developed to meet the goals of the organization. 6. HR strategy involves arranging the HR goals to the organizational strategy mainly in terms of recruitment, retention and termination. 7. After this step, implementation has to be done according to the plans an the various forms of measurements help in tracking the progress. 8. A lot of effort is required to prepare a strategic plan and it takes around five years to prepare it so it must be reviewed and updated every year. (Lewis, 2003). HR strategic plan and strategic goals The HR strategic plan enables the organization to achieve its mission and strategic goals because the businesses that have a formal strategic plan are more successful than those who don’t. A roadmap of success is required by an organization to be successful and a strategic plan provides direction and a course of action that helps in achieving the organizational goals. Moreover, it also helps in aligning the goals of the work units with the organizational goals making the goals common. (Barker, 2008). HR Scorecard The effectiveness and efficiency of the HR functions in producing the behavior of the employees required to achieve the strategic goals of the company are measured by the HR scorecard. To achieve it, we need to know the strategy of the company and to understand the links between the HR activities, the behavior of the employees and organizational performance. The steps to develop an HR score cared are mentioned below. 1. Defining the business strategy. 2. Outline the value c hain of the company. 3. Identifying the organizational outcomes strategy  required by the business. 4. Identifying the workforce needed by the company. 5. Identifying a relevant HR system. 6. Design of HR score card for measurement purpose. 7. A

PERSONAL ETHICAL DILEMMA ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PERSONAL ETHICAL DILEMMA ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example So, if the item was $ 18.00, she would provide the change for a $ 20.00 bill from the cash register, and then just replace the $ 2.00 from her own money. That is, so the register would add-up properly at the end of the work day. So, she would pocket the $ 18.00 and this was unquestionably stealing. My personal values were such that I would not have done what she did. I was in the same position as her, but never took advantage of the advice that she gave me about stealing. However, there was conflict with these feelings because I never told on her or turned her in to management. We were not close friends, or did not socialize outside of the workplace, but did get to know each other pretty well. We spent enough time together on the job such that I got to know and like her. Conversely, we both worked for an organization and a manager which we had little regard for. The wages were low, the working conditions were often strained, and the manager was often verbally abusive and generally un likable. So, the conflict in question was defined by my ethical belief that stealing was wrong, and yet, I did not act as a whistle blower or act dutifully as an employee and inform the organization that they were being stolen from. Consequentialism looks at the outcomes of behaviors rather than the intentions. Socially, we very often evaluate individual actions on how their intentions were. So, for example, while lying is generally wrong, if your grandmother asks you what you think about her hideous looking dress, and you tell her she looks nice, your intentions are good even though the result is an immoral act. A consquentialist position looks at only the outcome or the consequence of the act. In terms of my own personal ethical dilemma, the consequence of my co-workers actions were unquestionably immoral. In terms of the other stakeholders, the organization was being stolen from as a consequence. And, knowing that she was doing this makes me complicit to some extent. My obligatio ns in an employee/employer relationship are directed toward the organization and not the employees. Generally, utilitarianism is associated with consequentialism. It argues that the aim of individuals is happiness, and an action or behavior therefore, either maximizes or diminishes the greater goal of happiness. Further, we should maximize the greater happiness for the greatest number of individuals [Perry, 1993, p. 531]. In this instance, while the employee was maximizing their own happiness, they were doing so at the expense of someone else – namely, the employer. However, as a dilemma, it raises the question as to whose happiness I ought to consider? While I had little regard for the organization, I should have turned in the employee on this ethical model because the consequence was that one agents happiness came at the expense of an others. In terms of the greater good for the greater number, there were only two goods to consider – the individual stealing and the o rganization that was incurring the loss. If the business had gone bankrupt because of the theft, obviously a greater number would be effected, however, it was not a substantial amount of money so that it can't be said that a greater than two stakeholders were to be considered. Under a deontological framework, one should not will an act that

Nuclear Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Nuclear Power - Essay Example Several countries have presented diverging views on the use of nuclear energy owing to its volatile nature. Nuclear energy is the single most powerful source of energy with the ability of powering the entire world effortlessly (Gibson 23). The discovery of the nuclear energy therefore presents both advantages and disadvantages in equal measure. During the debates, the proponents of the continued use of the nuclear energy based their argument on the ability of the energy source to single handedly replace all other sources of energy thereby saving the world economy. While their argument sounded realistic, such people failed to consider the numerous disadvantages of the use of nuclear energy. Liberal debates give both sides to a discussion thereby determining the winning side based on the number of points that each side earns. The most realistic argument therefore is the immediate abolition of any nuclear related activity. Nuclear has greater potential than any country can possibly mana ge. This therefore makes the world unsafe; some of the arguments to this effect are below. The ongoing debate globally is the climatic change and the effects of global warming. All these are results of pollution of the atmosphere arising from the increasing use of fossil energy that produce a lot of carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas that reacts extensively with the ozone layer thereby depleting it. The invention of the nuclear energy therefore presents an opportunity of overturning the events preceding the depletion of the ozone layer possibly resulting in a safer and more stable world. The fact that the world consumes billions of gallons of petroleum products daily equals the extensive nature of the pollution of the environment thereby making the world increasingly unsafe. Several international environmental bodies such as the Kyoto protocol have tried convincing different countries to emit more carbon monoxide gasses into the environment. A debate that the developed countries such as the United States of America, Japan and China strongly oppose owing to the fact that such policies may hamper their economies. Nuclear energy is clean and renewable implying that it is not possibly exhaustible. It is therefore the only single source energy capable of sustaining the world’s economies while still maintaining the clean healthy environment. Despite the evident advantages of the use of nuclear energy, its use still requires extensive regulation even possible abolition. The widespread lack of trust makes no country safe enough to use nuclear energy. Nuclear is highly unstable yet with great potential, this implies that it requires greater capital for installation and maintenance in order to develop a safer environment for its effective use. Exposure of the nuclear elements in the environment results in immediate reaction to the elements in the environment thereby resulting in mass destruction and loss of lives. Japan, which is the most developed country in the e astern bloc, had all the financial resources to safeguard the use of nuclear as a source of energy (Adams 12). The country took every precaution including the development of an underground laboratory from where the volatile they handled the instable substance. However, the country did not consider the possibility of a natural disaster such as an earthquake. The earthquake that shook the ocean bed therefore broke the tanks in which they

Should College Have One Attendance Policy Essay Example for Free

Should College Have One Attendance Policy Essay The college should have one attendance policy for all departments. Attendance policy is strange things, and perhaps the strangest thing about them is how often they completely differ from one another. There is no college – wide attendance policy that students must follow, but many departments create their own. Some departments have strict attendance policies, but many times the policy is whatever the professor feels like. I think the college should adopt a more uniform attendance policy for several reasons. First of all, the lack of uniformity can be mind – boggling for student. Attendance policy varies a lot between professors. Some professors don’t enforce these policies; many make up their own and put it in their syllabus. It’s not uncommon for a gen-ed to have a strict attendance policy while an important course for student’s major has a very lenient one. It’s obviously more important that the student attend the major course, but he or she only faces consequences if the gen-ed is missed. Second of all, many department policies are not enforced by professors. This is worse than not having a policy in the first place. How are students supposed to take showing up to class seriously if their teachers don’t? Another reason, attendance policies do not do a good job of reflecting the importance of a class. Furthermore the inconsistent attitudes professors have towards them are confusing to student. Therefore, when faces with so many varying opinions on the importance or unimportance of attendance policies, students lose the basic point. However, every student should attend all classes. Not only are professor there to teach you in the first place, you paid to learn. Not going to class is essentially throwing money away while pretending to be a student. In short, attendance policy at college should be changed in order to be more consistent. Either do away with policies altogether and let the students face the long-term consequences of their actions, or find a policy every professor in the department will stand behind and enforce.

Immune Responses of Cytokine Adjuvented DNA Vaccine

Immune Responses of Cytokine Adjuvented DNA Vaccine KOTLA SIVAREDDY Title for the Ph.D Thesis â€Å"Study on Immune responses of Cytokine Adjuvented DNA vaccine (genes coding for structural proteins) for FMD delivered by cationic PLG micro particles†. Objectives: To clone gene coding for structural protein of FMDV in eukaryotic expression vector (pC DNA) under CMV promoter. To clone bovine interleukin 18 gene in suitable cloning vector and express the same in Bacterial/yeast expression system for characterization of expressed recombinant protein. To construct a vaccine construct consisting of FMDV P1 (structural), 3C (Viral protease), and Bovine interleukin 18 genes in eukaryotic expression system under CMV promoter (pC DNA). To study the expression of the vaccine constructs in vitro in BHK-21cells. PLG micro particles’ preparation and characterization. To study the immune responses of the DNA vaccine in experimental animals (guinea pigs / cattle). Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) caused by foot-and mouth disease virus (FMDV) is an infectious disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals, and poses a serious threat for animal health and exacts an economic toll on the livestock industry. FMD viral genome is a positive-sense single stranded RNA of approximately 8.5kb. The viral RNA genome is translated as a single polypeptide precursor that is subsequently processed by virus-encoded proteases 2A and 3C to produce the structural and non-structural proteins required for virus assembly and replication. One of the initial polypeptide cleavages, mediated by the 2A protein, is a co-translational cleavage at its own C terminus to release it from the 2B protein. The viral 3C proteinase subsequently processes the structural protein precursor, P1-2A, into the capsid proteins, VP0, VP3, and VP1, and the non structural peptide, 2A. These proteins then self assemble to form empty icosahedral capsid particles that contain 60 copies of each protein. Immu nological studies have identified linear and conformational sites that are present on both empty capsids and virions, and antiserum raised against either form has the same serological specificity. Thus, the structural protein precursor, P1-2A, and the 3C protease of FMDV are desirable immune antigens for new vaccine development. In countries where disease eradication has not been achieved, vaccination plays a crucial role in its control. Although inactivated virus vaccines effectively prevent FMD, they have several limitations like short duration of immunity, incomplete viral inactivation and virus escape from vaccine producing facilities. As a result, alternative approaches are being investigated, including the construction of modified live virus, subunit vaccines, synthetic peptides, naked DNA plasmids. DNA vaccination which offers several promising features i.e., DNA is convenient to manufacture and store, its production is safe, sequences from circulating strains can be easily i ncorporated in the vaccines, and it also allows the discrimination of the infected from the vaccinated animals. Several reports have shown the efficiency of DNA vaccination to induce protective immunity in the mouse model. However, the primary difficulty with DNA vaccination is its poor immunogenicity in target species. Cytokines are being used as molecular adjuvants by co administering with DNA vaccines to improve the efficacy of the vaccine. Cytokines play an important role both in the development of a functional immune system as well as in the responses of the organism to infection. Interleukin18 (IL18) is a potent interferon ÃŽ ³ (IFNÃŽ ³) inducing factor (IGIF), enhances Th1 immune responses. Recent studies have shown that IL18 also promote Th-2 type responses and increases dendritic cell (DC) number in lymph nodes in mice. In addition, IL18 has been used as an adjuvant to DNA vaccines for classical swine fever virus, pseudo rabies virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory sy ndrome virus.IL18 was co expressed along with FMDV VP1 in Pichia as fusion protein has enhanced humoral responses and marginally the CMI response in mice. Recombinant fowl pox co-expressing FMDV P1 2A3C and IL18 enhanced the immune responses and gave higher protection in swine Many other studies have shown the positive effect of plasmid encoding the IL-18 as a molecular adjuvant on DNA vaccinations. Efficacy of DNA vaccine could be improved by the inclusion of adjuvants and good vaccine delivery systems. Importantly, cationic microparticle with adsorbed DNA induced enhanced immune responses in comparison to naked DNA and this enhancement was apparent in all species evaluated, including nonhuman primates. Cationic PLG microparticles appear to be effective predominantly as a consequence of the efficient delivery of the adsorbed DNA into DC. Following administration, the micro particles are also very effective at recruiting DC to the injection site, and the micro particles also protect adsorbed DNA against degradation in vivo. A second useful property of micro particles is that they can present multiple copies of antigens on their surface, which has been shown to be optimal for B cell activation. The main advantage of this type of association is the efficient immobilisation of plasmid DNA on the microparticle surface without compromising its integrity. Moreover, after administration, the release of cationic DNA complexes from the surface appeared to facilitate the transfection of cells .At this point, it is not completely understood, whether the adsorption on cationic micro particles can protect plasmid DNA from cleavage through endonucleases after administration in vivo. Nevertheless, release of cationic DNA complexes is expected to provide better protection as compared to release of free DNA. Beside their inherent safety and ease of administration, they improve the DNA capture by antigen presenting cells (APC) and stimulate APC maturation. DNA delivery via PLG has been successfully used to vaccinate against several infections in mice, guinea pigs and even in macaques models. 1. AMPLIFICATION and cloning of gene sequence coding for P12A 3C FMDV serotype ‘Asia1’ gene coding for the polyprotein, P1-2A (2.3 kb) was amplified from viral genome, of the serotype ‘Asia1’ polyprotein gene, using VP4L (Bac) and 2AR (E.coR1) primers. Cloned in to pC DNA at E.co R I, BamHI sites. Ligated and transformed in to DH alpha 5 cells. Transformants are screened by colony PCR by using insert specific primers. Orientation was checked by PCR. Insert release was confirmed by RE digestion by using E.co R I, Bam HI. 3C coding sequences were amplified from clone available in lab. 0.6 Kb was amplified .The purified amplicon was digested and ligated in to p C DNA and transferred in to competent DH5à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¡ cells upon screening by PCR and by re digestion positive clones were conformed. 2. Cytokine amplification (IL18) and cloning in prokaryotic / yeast pC DNA expression vector and characterization of expressed protein. Interleukin 18 (IL18) modulates immune functions by inducing interferon–Î ³(IFN-ÃŽ ³) production and promoting Th1 immune responses. In the present study I amplified and cloned the sequence (582 bp) encoding full length bovine IL18 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with Phytohaemoglutinin (PHA). Nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned IL18 showed an identity of 86-98% with IL 18 sequences of the other ruminants compared. The insert was sub cloned in to eukaryotic expression vector (PcDNA) .The specificity of the expressed IL 18 was confirmed by western blotting. The insert was sub cloned in to pET 32a vector and expressed in E.Coli as fusion protein of 42kDa. The specificity of the expressed IL 18 was confirmed by western blotting. The biological activity of the purified protein was analysed for its ability to induce IFN-ÃŽ ³ production in PBMC as measured by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative polymerase cha in reaction (qPCR). IL18 anti FMD viral activity was conformed in vitro in BHK-21 cells by using plaque assay; viral replication was quantified by Real time PCR, ELISA and titration assays. 3. Study of the expression of the constructs in vitro in BHK-21 Cells Expression of cloned P12A3C and IL18 genes were studied in mammalian expression system for confirming the frame and intactness. The P12A3C, IL18 genes cloned under Eukaryotic promoter was transfected in BHK 21 cells with lipid based lipofectamine. Subsequently, the proteins were confirmed by Western blotting by using using anti FMDV serotype ‘Asia’, serum from experimentally infected cattle. IL18 transfected cell lysate showed 18 KDa by using human IL18 Mab. 4. PLG microparticles preparation and characterization The PLG/CTAB micro particles were prepared using a solvent evaporation technique essentially as described previously and briefly, the micro particles were prepared by emulsifying 10ml of a 6% (w/v) polymer solution in methylene chloride with 1ml of TE buffer at high speed using an soniprep. The primary emulsion was then added to 50ml of distilled water containing CTAB (0.5%, w/v). This resulted in the formation of a water/oil/water emulsion which was stirred at 6000rpm for 12h at room temperature, allowing the methylene chloride to evaporate. The resultingmicro particles were washed in distilled water by centrifugation at 10,000 Ãâ€" g and freeze dried. The plasmid construct was adsorbed onto the microparticles by incubating 100 mg of cationic microparticles with 100 mgs (1 mg/ml solution) of plasmid DNA at 40C for 6 h. The coated microparticles were then separated washed with TE and freeze-dried. Amount of plasmid adsorbed on PLG particles was quantified by eluting the DNA by 0.2 N NaOH (incubation for 10 h at 4 0C and measuring the Optical Density (OD) at 260 nm. Blank PLG micro particles controls were run simultaneously to deduct background value. The size distribution of the micro particles was determined using a particle size analyzer and electron microscopy. 5.A. Evaluation of the Immunological response of various DNA vaccine constructs in guinea pigs. Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) can be controlled by regular vaccination and restricting the movement of animals infected in the endemic countries.. DNA vaccine construct was made with P1-2A3C coding sequences of serotype Asia1 in p C DNA. To evaluate the optimal dose of the construct in guinea pigs, the plasmid was coated on cationic Poly Lacto-co-Glycolide (PLG) micro particles was injected in to guinea pigs at 2,5,10,15,20,30 ug doses intramuscularly. Sera samples collected from the vaccinated animals at 21st dpv were evaluated for immune response by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Serum neutralization test (SNT) and MTT assay. Maximum ELISA / SNT titers and MTT stimulation indices were observed at 10  µg dose which also gave 83% protection when the guinea pigs were challenged with homologues virus. 10ug was found to be the optimal dose to guinea pigs. P12A3CpCDNA and bovine IL-18 pcDNA plasmids were constructed under CMV promoter and the coated with Cationic PLG microparticle, immune response of the co administered constructs was evaluated in guinea pigs. Both the plasmids constructed under CMV promoter and 10 µgs each of the plasmids were inoculated intra muscularly in guinea pigs with a booster dose at 21st day post vaccination (dpv). Both humoral and cellular immune response were analysed by IgG1, IgG2 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Serum neutralization test (SNT) and MTT assay. Th1, Th2 cytokine profile was analysed by real time PCR and the phenotyping of T cell sub population in the peripheral blood was performed by flowcytometry. The results have sown significantly higher humoral and cell mediated immune responses in P12A3CIL18+PLG group than P12A3C IL18, and inactivated virus vaccine inoculated groups. Similarly, higher CD4, CD8 population and Th1, Th2 cytokine levels were seen in former group. P12A3CIL18+PLG vaccine protected all the six animals when challenged with homologous virus compared to five in inactivated virus vaccine group respectively. These results have shown that the plasmid encoding for P12A3C pcDNA when co inoculated with IL18 and PLG induce higher and protective immune responses, suggesting rBoIL-18 and Micro particles has a potential to enhance the efficacy of vaccine against FMD. 5. B Evaluation of the Immunological response of various DNA vaccine constructs in Cattle. Healthy male cattle calves of local breed ( Hallikar Breed) of 6 months to one year age group were purchased from local village shandy( cattle market). These animals were housed in healthy animal shed facilities available at IVRI Animal experimental station at Yelahanka , Bangalore. After initial quarantine the animals were bled and the sera were screened for FMDV antibodies for serotype Asia 1 by SNT. The FMD antibody free animals were divided in to 6 groups of six animals each namely Group I to Group IV. All the group were vaccinated with each construct with 200 ug injected by intramuscularly except conventional vaccine group injected with 2 ml of FMDV Inactivated vaccine. One group kepted for control group (vaccinated with PBS) .After 21 st days of first vaccination with same amount booster dose was injected P12A3CpCDNA and bovine IL-18 pcDNA plasmids were constructed under CMV promoter and the coated with Cationic PLG microparticle, immune response of the co administered constructs was evaluated in guinea pigs. Both the plasmids constructed under CMV promoter and 200 µgs each of the plasmids were inoculated intra muscularly in calves with a booster dose at 21st day post vaccination (dpv). Both humoral and cellular immune response were analysed by IgG1, IgG2 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Serum neutralization test (SNT) and MTT assay. Th1, Th2 cytokine profile was analysed by real time PCR (ÃŽ ³IFN, IL4, IL2, ÃŽ ±IFN, IL12, IL25,TLR-4,TLR3,TLR-2,IL8,IL10) and the phenotyping of T cell sub population (CD4 and CD8) and intracellular cytokine molecules (ÃŽ ³IFN, IL4, IL2) in the peripheral blood was performed by flowcytometry. The results have sown significantly higher humoral and cell mediated immune responses in P12A3CIL18+PLG group than P12A3C IL18, and inactivated virus va ccine inoculated groups. Similarly, higher CD4, CD8 population and Th1, Th2 cytokine levels were seen in former group. P12A3CIL18+PLG vaccine protected four out of six animals when challenged with homologous virus compared to 3 in inactivated virus vaccine group respectively. Non structural proteins,ELISA conformed in challenged animals.These results have shown that the plasmid encoding for P12A3C pcDNA when co inoculated with IL18 and PLG induce higher and protective immune responses, suggesting rBoIL-18 and Micro particles has a potential to enhance the efficacy of vaccine against FMD Journal papers and conference/seminar papers from Doctoral research work 1. Expression of Bovine (Bos indicus) interleukin-18 inEscherichia coli and its biological activity.Kotla Siva Reddy, Dowlathabad. Muralidhar Rao, Hosur Joyappa Dechamma,Veluvarthy V.S. Suryanarayana and Golla Ramalinga Reddy.Published in Microbiology and Immunology 2010; 54: 564–567. 2. Enhancement of DNA vaccine (P12A3C-pcDNA) efficacy against Foot- andMouth Disease by co-administration of Interleukin-18 expressing (IL18pcDNA) plasmid in Guinea Pigs. Siva Reddy .K. Muralidhar Rao.D., Badrinaryana.M. Suryanaryana.VVS. and Reddy G.R. Accepted in FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology. Dec -2010 1–9. 3. Dose optimization of Cationic PLG micro particle coated DNA vaccine against Foot and Mouth Disease in Guinea pigs. Siva Reddy, K.,Rashmi., B.R., Muralidhar Rao, D., Dechamma H.J., Banumathi .N., Suryanarayana V.V.S and Reddy .G.R. accepted in J.of Life science.(Article in press) 4. Cytokine profile studied by Real time PCR in FMDV antigen stimulated Bovine PBMC cells. Siva Reddy .K., Muralidhar Rao,D.,PrabhuDas,K., Suryanaryana.VVS., Reddy ,G.R. Accepted in Journal of Biotechnology , Bio engineering and Bio –Informatics. (Article in press). 5. Bos indicus Interleukin 18 complete coding sequence published in NCBI Gen bank .SivaReddy,K., Muralidhar Rao,D., Dechamma,H., Banumathi,N.,Suryanaryana,V. and Reddy,G. Acc.No. FJ985771 6. Enhancement of DNA vaccine (P12A3C-pcDNA) efficacy against Foot- andMouth Disease by co-administration of Interleukin-18 expressing (IL18pcDNA) plasmid in Guinea Pigs. Siva Reddy .K. Muralidhar Rao.D., Badrinaryana.M. Suryanaryana.VVS. and Reddy G.R. Presented in Society for applied biotech biotechnology (SAB) annual conference at Dharmapuri Dec 17,18 7.Bovine Interleukin -18 inhibits Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus Replication in BHK- 21 cells. K. Siva Reddy, D.Murali Dhar Rao, Kakoli Ahmed, H.J Dechamma N.Bhanumathi ,VVS Suryanarayana ,G.R Reddy presented at VIROCON 2010 XIX National Conference RECENT TRENDS IN VIRAL DISEASE PROBLEMS AND MANAGEMENT SVU Tirupathi, Mar 18-20 ,2010 . 8. Cationic Micro Particle (PLG) coated DNA vaccination Induces a long term immune response and Protective Immunity against Foot –and-Mouth disease virus. K. Siva Reddy, Rashmi Dechamma N.Bhanumathi ,VVS Suryanarayana ,G.R Reddy Presented at VIROCON 2010 XIX National Conference RECENT TRENDS IN VIRAL DISEASE PROBLEMS AND MANAGEMENT SVU Tirupathi, Mar 18-20 ,2010. 9. Dose response studies of ID- p VAC (SECRETORY VECTOR CONSTRUCT) coated on cationic PLG micro particles against FMDV in guinea pigs. Siva Reddy K., Reddy G.R. Presented at SBC Annual conference Impact of Basic and Translational Research on Medicine, Agriculture and Industry, IIT Madras 18-20 DEC -2008. Communicated Articles 1. Cationic Micro Particle (PLG) coated DNA vaccination induces a long term immune response and Protective Immunity against FMD in GuineaPigs. Siva Reddy ,K ., MuraliDhar Rao,D.,Rashmi, B.R., Dechamma H,J., Banumathi.,N., Suryanarayana V.V.S and Reddy G.R Communicated in to Vet Immunology and Immunopathology(Under review). 2. Bovine Interleukin 18 inhibits Foot and mouth disease virus replication in BHK-21 Cells. K. Siva Reddy, D.MuraliDhar Rao, K.PrabhuDas, VVS Suryanarayana,G.R Reddy communicated in to Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. 3. Enhanced efficacy of a Foot and mouth disease DNA vaccine (P12A3CpcDNA) by adsorption onto cationic PLG microparticle in guinea pigs .K. Siva Reddy, D.MuraliDhar Rao, K.PrabhuDas, VVS Suryanarayana ,G.R Reddy communicated into International journal of Immunopharmacology.

New Immigration Essay -- essays research papers

From 1820 to 1930, the United States received about 60% of the world’s immigrants. Population expansion in developed areas of the world, improved methods of transportation. Reasons for immigration, like those for migration, are often economic, although religious or political factors may be very important. These economic, political, and social conditions led to the â€Å"New† immigration after 1890. Take for instance the political reasons, where new immigrants favored democratic America where citizens had a voice in government because European governments were run by upper classes and commoners had no say in political matters. When it comes to social reasons we see that the European society was characterized by class distinctions for the lower class and discrimination against religious minorities, and most European governments forced young men to serve terms of military service. Economically, European city workers worked for low wages ant there was unemployment. Immigra nts figured finding a job would be easy and making money would be a cinch.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is quite a difference between â€Å"New† immigration and â€Å"Old† immigration in which, the old immigrants came from Northern and Western Europe such as, Ireland, Germany, Great Britain, and Scandinavian countries before 1890. They arrived when the frontiers were open to them, in which they settled down on farms. On the other hand, â€Å"New† immigrations occurred at a later time, particularly after 1890, where immigra... New Immigration Essay -- essays research papers From 1820 to 1930, the United States received about 60% of the world’s immigrants. Population expansion in developed areas of the world, improved methods of transportation. Reasons for immigration, like those for migration, are often economic, although religious or political factors may be very important. These economic, political, and social conditions led to the â€Å"New† immigration after 1890. Take for instance the political reasons, where new immigrants favored democratic America where citizens had a voice in government because European governments were run by upper classes and commoners had no say in political matters. When it comes to social reasons we see that the European society was characterized by class distinctions for the lower class and discrimination against religious minorities, and most European governments forced young men to serve terms of military service. Economically, European city workers worked for low wages ant there was unemployment. Immigra nts figured finding a job would be easy and making money would be a cinch.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is quite a difference between â€Å"New† immigration and â€Å"Old† immigration in which, the old immigrants came from Northern and Western Europe such as, Ireland, Germany, Great Britain, and Scandinavian countries before 1890. They arrived when the frontiers were open to them, in which they settled down on farms. On the other hand, â€Å"New† immigrations occurred at a later time, particularly after 1890, where immigra...

nine commentaries on the communist party :: essays research papers

0. Introduction More than a decade after the fall of the former Soviet Union and Eastern European communist regimes, the international communist movement has been spurned worldwide. The demise of the Chinese Communist Party is only a matter of time. 1. On What the Communist Party Is This article concerns the impact on the civilization of China of the communist movement and the Communist Party. Looking at the history of China’s last 160 years, nearly one hundred million people have died unnatural deaths and almost all of the traditional Chinese culture and civilization have been destroyed. What have been the consequences, whether the CCP was chosen by the Chinese or it was imposed on China from the outside? 2. On the Beginnings of the Chinese Communist Party Why did the Communist Party emerge, grow and eventually seize power in contemporary China? Did the Chinese people choose the Communist Party? Or, did the Communist Party gang up and force Chinese people to accept it? The CCP has set itself above all, conquering all in its path, thereby bringing endless catastrophe to China. 3. On the Tyranny of the Chinese Communist Party Today the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)’s violence and abuses are even more severe than those of the tyrannical Qin Dynasty. The CCP’s philosophy is one of â€Å"struggle,† and the CCP’s rule has been built upon a series of â€Å"class struggles,† â€Å"path struggles,† and â€Å"ideological struggles,† both in China and toward other nations. 4. On How the Communist Party Is an Anti-Universe Force In the last hundred years, the sudden invasion by the communist specter has created a force against nature and humanity, causing limitless agony and tragedy. It has also pushed civilization to the brink of destruction. It has become an extremely malevolent force against the universe. 5. On the Collusion of Jiang Zemin with the CCP to Persecute Falun Gong Why is Falun Gong, which upholds the principles of â€Å"Truthfulness, Compassion and Tolerance† and has been promulgated in over 60 countries worldwide, being persecuted only in China, not anywhere else in the world? In this persecution, what is the relationship between Jiang Zemin and the CCP? 6. On How the Chinese Communist Party Destroyed Traditional Culture The CCP has devoted the nation’s resources to destroying China’s rich traditional culture. The CCP’s destruction of Chinese culture has been planned, well organized, and systematic, made possible by the state’s use of violence. Since its establishment, the CCP has never stopped â€Å"revolutionizing† Chinese culture in the attempt to completely destroy its spirit.

Iago and Angelo as the Hypocrites of Shakespeares Othello Essay examp

Few plot elements inspire such an emotional reaction in readers as does hypocrisy. Not only do readers feel genuine anger at the actions of the hypocritical character, but they also feel deep sympathy for the Hester Prynnes of the stories they read. This tandem of anger and sympathy is a powerful tool for an author to use to draw readers into his or her tale, because creating an emotional response in one’s audience is the best way to make them identify with the story. The response of the readers to these situations is a fascinating one. Perhaps the reader remembers a time when s/he was the victim of a two-faced action. Perhaps stories about hypocrisy evoke a sense of moral outrage or awaken a sense of justice in the reader. Perhaps the reader is simply fascinated with having a secret that s/he is unable to tell. For whatever reason, authors have carefully woven threads of hypocrisy into the fabric of their stories since the very dawn of literature. Some of the best examples o f this skill (as indeed of many others) come from the writings of William Shakespeare. Shakespeare’s astute observations of human nature coupled with his amazing word craftsmanship have created some of the most memorable hypocrite characters in all of literature. From the twisted, jealous, hatred of Iago in Othello to the lusty self-righteousness of Angelo in Measure for Measure, we can glean a sense of Shakespeare’s masterful manipulation of hypocrisy to create a tempting tale. Iago and Angelo are true hypocrites. In Othello, we are first introduced to Iago, a military officer under the command of the Othello, a well-respected Moorish captain. Iago’s hatred for Othello is revealed in the very first lines of the play, when it is revealed that he has been... ...haracters who exhibit hypocrisy. Whether it is anger at the hypocrite or empathy for the victim, a good author or playwright can capitalize on this tendency but constructing a plot with a few hypocritical timbers. Shakespeare was a master at such structures, introducing two of them in Othello and Measure for Measure. Iago and Angelo are both men of relatively high rank whose own hypocrisies lead to their downfalls. Iago’s hypocrisy permeates every facet of his character, including loyalty, friendships, and marital relations. Angelo, meanwhile, falls victim to his desires and commits one major hypocritical action, exhibiting both lust and lawlessness. The fact that these two plays are driven by these hypocritical actions is a testament to the ability of hypocrisy to promote a response in an audience, and a testament to the Bard’s incomparable playwriting skills. Â   Iago and Angelo as the Hypocrites of Shakespeare's Othello Essay examp Few plot elements inspire such an emotional reaction in readers as does hypocrisy. Not only do readers feel genuine anger at the actions of the hypocritical character, but they also feel deep sympathy for the Hester Prynnes of the stories they read. This tandem of anger and sympathy is a powerful tool for an author to use to draw readers into his or her tale, because creating an emotional response in one’s audience is the best way to make them identify with the story. The response of the readers to these situations is a fascinating one. Perhaps the reader remembers a time when s/he was the victim of a two-faced action. Perhaps stories about hypocrisy evoke a sense of moral outrage or awaken a sense of justice in the reader. Perhaps the reader is simply fascinated with having a secret that s/he is unable to tell. For whatever reason, authors have carefully woven threads of hypocrisy into the fabric of their stories since the very dawn of literature. Some of the best examples o f this skill (as indeed of many others) come from the writings of William Shakespeare. Shakespeare’s astute observations of human nature coupled with his amazing word craftsmanship have created some of the most memorable hypocrite characters in all of literature. From the twisted, jealous, hatred of Iago in Othello to the lusty self-righteousness of Angelo in Measure for Measure, we can glean a sense of Shakespeare’s masterful manipulation of hypocrisy to create a tempting tale. Iago and Angelo are true hypocrites. In Othello, we are first introduced to Iago, a military officer under the command of the Othello, a well-respected Moorish captain. Iago’s hatred for Othello is revealed in the very first lines of the play, when it is revealed that he has been... ...haracters who exhibit hypocrisy. Whether it is anger at the hypocrite or empathy for the victim, a good author or playwright can capitalize on this tendency but constructing a plot with a few hypocritical timbers. Shakespeare was a master at such structures, introducing two of them in Othello and Measure for Measure. Iago and Angelo are both men of relatively high rank whose own hypocrisies lead to their downfalls. Iago’s hypocrisy permeates every facet of his character, including loyalty, friendships, and marital relations. Angelo, meanwhile, falls victim to his desires and commits one major hypocritical action, exhibiting both lust and lawlessness. The fact that these two plays are driven by these hypocritical actions is a testament to the ability of hypocrisy to promote a response in an audience, and a testament to the Bard’s incomparable playwriting skills. Â  

Example of Db Post

Christian Ethics Project #2 1. From a Christian perspective, why did Marxist communism fail? From a Christian point of view, Marxist communism failed due to people not being offered a choice of whether or not to distribute riches to everyone. The author states: â€Å"Beginning in the Garden, God gave men and women the freedom to choose to do what is right. This is the heart of democracy† (Stapleford, 2009, p. 98). Clearly, it is Godly for people to have freedom of choice; communism was not Godly and therefore, failed. 2. Which is a more Christian form of government, democratic capitalism or democratic socialism?Current history demonstrates that the majority of countries are progressively supporting democratic capitalism along with reduced government involvement (Stapleford, 2009). From a Christian standpoint, Mr. Stapleford writes: â€Å"the individual comes first – before the state or the social order† (Stapleford, 2009, p. 98). He goes on to say, â€Å"Christi ans are to resist the temptation to use the coercive power of the state to bend society into conformity with our view of the kingdom† (Stapleford, 2009, p. 98). Biblically speaking, we are advised not to be wasteful with what we have, and we should be happy to give freely to those in need.Basic guidelines such as these give biblical confirmation to support democratic capitalism (less government involvement), as opposed to democratic socialism with much more government involvement. 3. What functions does government have to undertake because of fallen human nature? Due to the sin nature of human beings, government has needed to impose taxation on the people in order to implement government spending to help those in need. Government spending to help the needy may include giving food or shelter to the poor, discounted or free child care, health care for our seniors and the poor.Again, Christians are called to help those in need. In this case, the government stepped in to do the sa me thing that we are commanded to do (Stapleford, 2009). 4. Should Christians concern themselves with the regulatory activities of government? If so, what areas of regulation are most significant? Yes, Christians need to be concerned with the regulatory activities of the government. One of the most significant areas of regulation is the prevention of (and prosecution of) discrimination based on economic status, â€Å"gender, race, ethnicity, or age† (Stapleford, 2009, p. 01). Secondly, a significant area of regulation is defending employees from business owners that may force them to work in harmful conditions or â€Å"would steal from their pension funds† (Stapleford, 2009, p. 101). Additionally, we need to ensure that the government is mindful of its regulation and does not over-regulate, as this would be catastrophic to our democratic society. Works Cited Stapleford, J. (2009). Bulls, bears and golden calves. (2 ed. ). Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press. [pic]

Reviving Mother Nature Essay

I can feel the cool breeze touching my skin as I sit on the big rock, mesmerized by the greenest mountains, my heart is somersaulting by the beauty of the calm water stretching through the river. The chirping of the birds, the soft hush of the grass as it sways with the wind. This beautiful scenery makes me feel happy, finding peace in nature as the sun sets in the horizon. But these are just my illusions, and my senses are persistent in drifting me back into reality. And what reality is that? It’s the reality that our Mother Earth is dying. We were born in this world completely provided with everything – food, air, water, natural resources and a beautiful nature that serves as our home. Our mother nature is like a cosy womb which provides us security, protection and nourishment. However, we never saw the real extent of how precious this planet is to us. We went out the world as a successful species but completely a failure as sons and daughters of Mother Earth. We people tend to destroy everything we have in nature. We are all after for our own comfort, not realizing the damage we cause to our Mother Nature. We always want to live an easy life, even if this means exploiting our resources. Global warming is the major concern that we are facing right now. The continued rise in the global temperature will lead us again to another resulting factor, the climate change. There have been a lot of question if what really causing the climate change. Skeptics are voicing out their opinions, saying that it’s just due to natural variability, that Mother Earth has its own agenda in warming the earth. But I would certainly disagree to that. There is stronger evidence that most of the warming over the last 50 years is due to human activities. Ice cores taken from deep in ancient ice of Antarctica show that carbon dioxide levels are higher now than at any time in the past thousand years. This carbon dioxide plays the major role in warming the earth, thus creating climate change. We humans are the main contributing factor in the destruction of our environment. It has been reported that it is more than 90 percent likely that the accelerated warming is due to human contributions. Such contributions include increased levels of greenhouse gasses like carbon dioxide in the air. One of the biggest ways we contribute greenhouse gasses is by burning fossil fuels. We use coal, oil, and natural gas to generate electricity, heat our homes, power our factories, and run our cars. Trees and other plants use carbon dioxide and give off oxygen, planting more of them can save us from our damnation. But nobody seemed to care. We are all aiming for globalization and modernization, turning lush green forests into industrial sites, building factories that destroy the environment and killing many animals. We brilliantly invented new materials but took so long to realize that they would in the future become non-biodegradable trash that would accumulate in the environment, we throw our trash everywhere and most of all, we do not value wildlife. Along with our success as a species came the extinction of many animals thus wreaking havoc on ecological system. What we are unaware of is that all of our abuses to the environment would affect us largely in the long run. Now friends, can you still say that it’s just a natural variability or a devastated Mother Earth taking its revenge? Just recently, we experienced a heavy downfall. Metro Manila and other parts of Luzon had been flooded heavily, destroying properties and killing number of individuals. We can hear our fellowmen crying for help and save them from adversities. It has been forecasted that we will be experiencing another El Nino as the summer approaches. We will expect more of this ladies and gentlemen, with the climate change, floods and drought would be more severe and frequent. Change. This is the one we need to reverse all the consequences of our actions. Change in our attitude, personality, outlook and actions. This change should start within each of us. Be vigilant in what’s happening in our environment, take a stand and start caring and nursing our Mother Nature. It is the best time for us to plant more trees, stop illegal logging and other human activities that destroys our environment. Learn to sacrifice to lessen the use of fossil fuels and other chemicals that harm nature. I am aware that there is no way for us to totally eradicate activities that affect the environment to some extent because that would mean that the human civilization would have to move backwards and embrace its primitive ways. I understand that modernization comes side by side with human advancement and progress. What I just want is for everybody to realize that along with this progress also comes our responsibility to protect our environment. Start now, act now, it’s not too late for my illusions and of the next generation’s dream turn into reality.

Ehrs in Health Care

EHRs in Health Care x x x Abstract In 2009, the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH) was passed into law mandating interoperable Electronic Health Record (EHR) adoption throughout the United States health care system for all providers who serve Medicare or Medicaid patients. The HITECH Act sets â€Å"meaningful use† requirements, goals, and objectives, and gives specific timelines for which to achieve them.As an incentive to expedite the process, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has offered monetary rewards for those facilities and physicians who are taking steps to implement an EHR system by 2015. Beginning in 2015, CMS will penalize facilities and physicians who have not implemented an EHR system. One of the stipulations of receiving the incentive money is demonstrating â€Å"meaningful use†, or utilizing EHR technology in a meaningful way that improves patient care.Meaningful use has three stages, each focusi ng on different areas of patient care. There are several advantages and disadvantages of implementing an EHR system, but the benefits greatly outweigh the risks. The HITECH Act is one of the most important pieces of health care legislation to date and has been called the â€Å"foundation for health care reform† (Blavin & Ormond, 2011). In 2004, the Bush administration introduced a plan to ensure that the medical profession completely converts to electronic health records (EHR).This plan was passed into law by the Obama administration in 2009 under the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH), which is a provision of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) (Kwami, n. d. ). This Act is essentially a $27 billion stimulus package meant to accelerate health care information technology in the United States. It allows the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to offer financial incentives (up to $44,000 from Medicare and $63,75 0 from Medicaid per physician or up to $2 million per hospital) for implementing anElectronic Health Record (EHR) system in their facility by 2015 (Murphy, 2012). Not only do they have to implement it, they must also meet the â€Å"meaningful use† requirements set forth by CMS for successful utilization of the EHR system. To receive the maximum incentive payment, physicians/facilities must begin participation by April 1, 2013. Starting in 2015, physicians and facilities who have not met those requirements will be penalized. What is Meaningful Use? Meaningful use is an umbrella term for the rules and regulations that hospitals and physicians must meet to qualify for the federal incentive funding under ARRA.There are three stages of meaningful use; each has different goals and objectives. For example, stage one focuses on data capture and sharing, and is grouped into five patient-driven areas related to patient health outcomes: 1. ) Improve quality, safety, and efficiency, 2. ) Engage patients and families, 3. ) Improve care coordination, 4. ) Improve public and population health, and 5. ) Ensure privacy and security for personal health information (â€Å"Meaningful Use 101,† n. d. ). Step two focuses on the advanced clinical processes involved in patient care and stage three will focus on improving actual patient outcomes.Requirements for meaningful use include the ability to e-prescribe, electronically exchange patient health information, and report on clinical data. The eventual goal is a national health information network. Facilities and physicians must achieve stage three of meaningful use by 2015. Traditionally, physicians have been reimbursed based on how many services they provide (fee for service). Meaningful use shifts this paradigm to a more patient centered process and concentrates on performance-based initiatives like pay for performance (P4P) reimbursement.CMS recently introduced three P4P programs mandated by ARRA designed to reward higher-performing hospitals and penalize poorer-performing hospitals through these reimbursement practices. Hospitals performing at or below the 50th percentile nationally on hospital quality and patient experience measures can expect to see a significant reduction in payment from CMS as early as 2012 (â€Å"Pay for Performance Payment,† n. d. ). The shift from volume-based to value-based reimbursement methodology puts more emphasis on patient care and achieving positive outcomes.Another part of meaningful use requires that EHRs are interoperable with other facilities and physicians even if they are not the within the same organization. This means that every organization’s EHR system must to be able to â€Å"talk† to other organizations’ systems. If a patient travels to another state or another country and needs to go to the doctor for any reason, the physician there will be able to bring up the patient’s EHR and treat them based on the up-to-date medical information contained in their EHR. This is especially important in emergency situations where the patient may not be in the position to supply needed information.Locally, interoperability is important because it helps physicians communicate with other facilities such as a referral. A patient’s family physician may refer them to a specialty doctor and with an EHR, both doctors can view and document findings in one record rather than having separate papers that need to be brought in by the patient and filed in their paper record. EHRs are also an asset within the same facility. When a patient gets a lab or x-rays done, the physician can immediately bring up the results rather than having to wait for the lab/x-ray technician to physically bring the results to them.Interoperability makes coordination of care easier and more efficient. Advantages of Implementing an EHR In addition to the benefits of interoperability, there are several other advantages of implementing an EHR. The main goal of an EHR is to improve the quality and safety of patient care. EHRs can help provide better health care by improving all aspects of patient care like safety, effectiveness, patient-centeredness, communication, education, timeliness, and efficiency (â€Å"What Are the Advantages,† n. . ). Having a single record that includes all of a patient's health information and is up to date, complete, and accurate allow for better coordination of care, accessibility of information, convenience, simpler disease management, enhanced collaboration between providers by improved information sharing, a significant reduction in medical errors, up-to-date medication and allergy lists, and cost savings in the long run (â€Å"Benefits of EHRs,† n. d. ). EHRs also reduce waste and liminate duplicate screenings and tests, as well as help physicians make better, more comprehensive clinical decisions by integrating patient information from multiple sources into one EHR (â₠¬Å"What Are the Advantages,† n. d. ). Another advantage of having your health record in electronic format is increased security and privacy. With a paper record, anyone can pull it off the shelf and browse through it, but with an electronic record there are differing levels of authorization allowing only certain people access to your chart. Also, your chart cannot get â€Å"lost†.Instead of someone having to sign it out every time they need to use it and having to manually track it, an EHR allows multiple users to access it at different times, on different computers, and leaves an audit trail automatically. Disadvantages of Implementing an EHR There are also disadvantages of EHRs including overall cost, ongoing maintenance costs, changes in workflow, and temporary loss of productivity just to name a few (Menachemi ; Collum, 2011). One of the biggest concerns of implementing an EHR system is the initial cost.Acquiring and implementing an EHR system can be quite expensive depending on the size of the facility. The projected total cost for a medium sized inpatient facility with a seven year EHR installation is approximately $19 million. In the outpatient setting, cost is approximately $14,000 per physician in the initial year of implementation for a six-physician practice, and $19,000 per physician with three or fewer physicians (Menachemi ; Collum, 2011). Smaller practices may find it hard to cope with the added expense of an EHR system; the viability of those practices may suffer as a result.Another disadvantage of implementing an EHR system is the cost of transitioning from paper to electronic records. Additional staff will be required to scan in all of the paper documents into electronic format. This process can take months depending on how big the facility is so it could really have an impact on a facilities bottom line. There will also be a period of time where the staff is less productive than they would normally be as they learn how to use th e electronic system. This period is called the â€Å"learning curve†.To help remedy this, temporary staff will need to be hired to fill in the gap and keep the workflow up to date which also has a significant financial effect on an organization. The maintenance of an EHR system can be costly and technology is not always reliable. Hardware must be replaced and software must be upgraded on a regular basis. In addition, providers must have ongoing training for staff as well as IT support available, such as a 24/7 help line. Also, as with all things electronic, there is always the possibility of the system going down.Hospitals and physicians must have a plan in place outlining what the proper procedure is for the â€Å"down time† until the system is up and running again. This generally means they will have to revert back to paper documentation while the system is down, so they also need to have a recovery plan in place detailing how they will go about getting the paper doc umentation from the â€Å"down time† transferred into the EHRs. Conclusion Although some might argue that an EHR system is too costly and too much work, it is a federal mandate that all physicians/facilities (who service Medicare or Medicaid patients) implement an EHR system.And while the transition from paper to electronic is a costly and tedious process, the benefits of an EHR are numerous and greatly outweigh the cost of implementation. As President Obama said, â€Å"You shouldn’t have to tell every new doctor you see about your medical history or what prescriptions you’re taking. You shouldn’t have to repeat costly tests. All that information should be stored securely in a private medical record so that your information can be tracked from one doctor to another — even if you change jobs, even if you move, even if you have to see a number of different specialists.That’s just common sense. † (Making the Switch: Replacing, 2010). Ref erences Benefits of EHRs. (n. d. ). Retrieved February 13, 2013, from http://www. healthit. gov/providers-professionals/improved-care-coordination Blavin, F. , ; Ormond, B. (2011, May). HITECH, meaningful use, and public health: Funding opportunities for state immunization registries [White paper]. Retrieved from http://www. medicaidhitechta. org/Portals/0/Users/011/11/11/ImmunRegWhitePaper. pdf Kwami, K. K. (n. d. ). The EMR federal requirements of physicians. Retrieved February 13, 2013, from http://www. how. com/list_6961848_emr-federal-requirements-physicians. html Making the switch: Replacing your EHR for more money and more control [White paper]. (2010, September). Retrieved from http://www. healthcareitnews. com/sites/default/files/ resource-media/pdf/making_the_switch_replacing_your_ehr. pdf Meaningful use 101. (n. d. ). Retrieved February 13, 2013, from http://www. medicity. com/meaningful-use-101. html Menachemi, N. , ; Collum, T. H. (2011, May 11). Benefits and drawbacks of electronic health record systems. Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. ov/pmc/articles/PMC3270933/ Murphy, K. (2012, May 9). American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). Retrieved from http://ehrintelligence. com/glossary/american-recovery-and-reinvestment-act-arra/ Pay for performance payment systems that reward or penalize hospitals based on performance. (n. d. ). Retrieved February 13, 2013, from http://www. getwellnetwork. com/services/health-reform/pay-performance What are the advantages of electronic health records? (n. d. ). Retrieved February 13, 2013, from http://www. healthit. gov/providers-professionals/faqs/what-are-advantages-electronic-health-records

Is Flirting the Same as Sexual Harassment

Is Flirting the Same as Sexual Harassment Critical Thinking 1760 Jue Hou 210625481 Professor Anthony Falikowski 2012/11/6 Word Count: 1226 Step 1: Model Case A sixty year old librarian trying to flirt with a young girl in the library by telling a sex joke when she is borrowing a book. The action annoys the girl a lot and she tries to leave the library as quick as she can. But the librarian stops the girl to flirt with her again by touching her face and arms which is inappropriate and scares the girl deeply. The girl calls the police. Flirting |Sexual Harassment | |The receiver feels happy |Often by forcing | |It relates to sex |Sexual content( relates to sex) | |It’s naughty, funny and exciting |Often involve physical touch and coarse | |The receiver wishes it |language | |Both the person who is doing it or the |Degrades people | |receiver have positive attitude toward |It is a crime | |each other |It scares people | |The receiver feels honour and attractive. It leaves the vic tim a negative memory | |It often involves welcomed physical touch |The victim does not wish or desire it. | |and flattering language |The victim feels shameful, sad, and angry | In this case, the inappropriate flirting definitely results the same as sexual harassment. The girl feels insulting and all the negative feelings caused by sexual harassment. Step 2: Contrary Case A middle age woman is troubled by lacking a boy friend for a long time. She meets a handsome and wealthy man in the bar. The man has a crush on her and trying to flirt with the woman by flattering her beauty and making some loving touch on her hair and shoulder. The woman is very happy and they finally wake up in the same bed together next morning. Flirting |Sex Harassment |Why not sex harassment | |The receiver feels happy |It involves forcing |The victim of harassment does not feel | |Welcomed physical touch and flattering |It is a crime |good | |It is equally happy and acceptable for |It scares and degrades peo ple |No one is being forced | |both sides | |No one committed a crime | | | |Sex harassment does not welcome the | | | |physical touch | | | |Only the person commits sex harassment | | | |feels happy and acceptable. | | | |No one is being scared and degraded |In this case, flirting is not the same as sexual harassment because everyone is happy and well accepted what the other is doing. Step 3: Borderline Case A young and beautiful woman wears a sexy dress in a party that held by her company. She tries to catch the eye of her boss and makes a good impression to her boss which is good for her career. Her boss is deeply attracted by her and flirting with her by touching the woman’s butt and whispering closely beside her ears. The action is definitely out of the woman’s control and out of her plan. She does not intend to cheat on her husband with her boss, but she can not claim her boss committed a sexual harassment because her career might be ended and it is ha rd to explain to her husband. Flirting |Sexual Harassment | |Can be used as a strategy to gain profit |It is defined by the receiver | |Can cause moral issue (cheats on the partner) |The victim may be forced to stay silent | |Can go far beyond then what one expected |It leads a negative effect to the marriage | |The receiver may misunderstands it | | In this case, the victim is hardly making any move. If she claims her boss for sexual harassment, her career might be ended and her husband would be so angry to her. Step 4: Social Contest A.Who would ask this question? A man who is claimed sexual harassment by a woman, however he believes that the girl was flirting with him first and he was just flirting back. This reminds me to the controversial case of Kobe Bryant who is a famous basketball player. A waitress claimed she was sexually harassed by Kobe, but Kobe thinks she was flirting with him first. The waitress got a huge amount of compensation from Kobe. No one knows the truth of w hether Kobe is a sexual abuser or the whole event is a set up for money. B. Why would he ask this question? The man wonders why a flirting smile result in sexual harassment when he feels the woman was flirting with him first.Maybe he misunderstands the man or maybe it is a dirty set up planed by the woman. C why is this a good social situation in which to place the question? As people are more and more focused on human rights and women rights, the guilty of sexual harassment has been raised higher and higher. However, the charity people hold for the disadvantage groups some times results negatively. Some people may use it to gain their own profit. It leads to the innocent man to doubt about the morality and his value towards the disadvantage groups. D What does C tell you about the concepts? The concept between flirting and sexual harassment can be hard to distinguish. A same conversation or body touch can be defined differently.The only way to define whether it is a sexual harassme nt or flirting is the attitude by the receiver. If the receiver believes it is flirting, then you are safe. If she or he believes it is a sexual harassment, then you better stop what you are doing or you may end up in jail. Step 5: Underlying Anxiety A. What sorts of feelings or worries cause you to personally ask this question? ? I’m curious on the concept of sexual harassment ? It is important to know what types of flirting will end to sexual harassment in order to stay away from a crime. ? I want to under stand more of flirting because it can help me to find a girlfriend. B. What about the question might cause you to worry?The question might be loaded that scares me to act flirting again. The way the question asked looks like flirting is being treated as sexual harassment some times which I believe it is totally different. And it could be a misleading that the two concepts are not related at all. C How are A and B helpful in understanding the question? ? It can help me to take my own position towards the question, and my position and concerns could be the same as majority. ? Perhaps the my worries may prove the question is very problematic that it miss-related two unrelated things ? After looking at my worries, I might find a new hidden factor of the question.Like is it a social cause to have the situation that flirting is taking form of sexual harassment Step 6: practical results A. If flirting is a form of sexual harassment ? Flirting is a crime. ? A potential couple hardly shows their interest to each other. ? The penalty of sexual harassment is hard to address ? A decrease in number of marriage and result in a negative increase in world population B. If flirting is not a form of sexual harassment. ? People who committed sexual harassment will claim they are flirting ? Inappropriate sexual attend will increase ? The victim of sexual harassment will hardly maintain their human rights Step 7: produce definitions of key concepts Flirting |Sexual Hara ssment | |The receiver feels happy |Often by forcing | |It relates to sex |Sexual content( relates to sex) | |It’s naughty, funny and excting |Often involve physical touch and coarse | |The receiver wishes it |language | |Both the person who is doing it or the |Degrades people | |receiver have positive attitude toward |It is a crime | |each other |It scares people | |The receiver feels honored and attractive. It leaves the victim a negative memory | |It often involves welcomed physical touch |The victim does not wish or desire it. | |and flattering language |The victim feels shameful, sad, and angry | Flirting: a naughty, funny, exciting and welcomed physical touch or flattering language, often relates to sexuality, which makes the receiver feels happy, honored and attractive. Sexual harassment: a sexual crime which committed by inappropriate physical touch and coarse language often by forcing. It is degrading and the victim feels shameful, sad, angry, and leaves the victim a negative memory because it is not what the victim whishes or desires. Step 8: Analytical chart Exclusive to flirting |Common to both |Exclusive to harassment | |Equally shared the positive attitude |Both of them relates to sexuality (T) |Different result that harassment leads to| |towards both the receiver and the actor |Both could involves physical touch (T) |shameful sad and angry but flirting leads| |(I) | |to happy and honored. (I) | 1. Both of them relates to sexuality. It is trivial because it relates to sex does not hold any importance in the outcome of the two concept. Sex itself does not tell you good or bad. However, an unwanted or forced sex is bad, wishful and desirable sex is positive. 2. Flirting leads to equally shared the positive attitude towards both the receiver and the actor.This is important because we can know that they both have positive feelings to each other so that no one is being forced unlike sexual harassment which against human rights. 3. The result i s different between flirting and sexual harassment. This is important and it is a main difference between the two concepts. Flirting leads to happiness but harassment leads to shameful and sad. It is always important to look at the result. It is the main measurement to value one’s action. As students in York University, people must get familiar with the idea of sexual harassment. Students are tired of hearing the news of someone is getting sexually abused in the library, in the hall way, or any place in York that people exist. It even happened last month.But the news involving sexual harassment are always on the top of our attentions because people are increasingly paying attentions to the human rights and particularly the rights of disadvantage groups. The sexual harassment is no longer only taken the forms of raping, forcing, or grouping as people used to think. An inappropriate sex joke or an unwanted physical touch could consider as sexual harassment as well. This would m ake people think is flirting considered the same as sexual harassment. The author argues that flirting does share a trivial similarity with sexual harassment, but they are essentially different. Both of flirting and sexual harassment deals with sexuality, but the receiver’s attitude towards the action is different and he outcomes they have are entirely contrary. First of all, both of flirting and sexual harassment share the same purpose of requesting sex to another. No mater what way a person is flirting, they can not cover the truth that they have sexual interest to the person they try to flirt, and so is sexual harassment. However, the similarity is trivial because people can not claim whether it is right or wrong by the action of sex itself. It is totally different between a forcing or unwanted sex and a wishful or desirable one. It is like a complete stop at the stop sign is different from not stopping the car at all although they are all dealing with driving.As a result, one can not conclude that flirting is the same as sexual harassment only because they both relates to sexuality. Some people may contradict this idea by claiming that not all flirting can receive a positive feed back. The receiver may not like the flirting or feels comfortable, and the result of this flirting would be the same as sexual harassment which makes the two concepts are the same. However, the objection misunderstands the definition of flirting. Flirting indicates a naughty, funny, exciting and welcomed physical touch or flattering language, often relates to sexuality, which makes the receiver feels happy, honored and attractive. It clearly states that the receiver likes the action and feels happy.If the receiver hates the action, then it is not called flirting but sexual harassment. The objection leads to a major difference between the two concepts as stated below. Flirting equally shares the positive attitude towards both the receiver and the actor, but sexual harassment is only taken as one-sided willingness. As ones should notice, sexual harassment often involves forcing and the actor is being satisfied by against the will of the victim. On the other hand, everyone is feeling joyful and satisfied in the case of flirting. This difference is definitely important. People have their rights to choose what they want and achieve their willingness on their own.It is the basic of human rights, and anything that stops them from their legal willingness should be considered as a crime which is exactly the case of sexual harassment which sexually satisfies the actor by forcing the victim to do what they are not willing to do. An objection of this argument could be that whether the action is defined as flirting or sexual harassment is only based on the words of the receiver. There are lots of cases that during the conversation or physical touch, the receiver is happy and joyful. But, he or she lies that the actor committed a sexual harassment later on. It coul d be the reasons of compensation or being famous. The point is this kind of thing exists in the modern society, and it results a lovely flirting ends up to a sexual harassment. The author would shut the objection down by stating the key definition of flirting again.In the case of flirting, both of actor and the receiver feels happy, satisfied and joyful. However, in the case of the objection, the actor is definitely not feeling happy after he is forced to the title of sexual abuser. It should be considered as a dirty set up which is not even close to the loving action called flirting. Last but not least, the results come from flirting and sexual harassment are entirely different. Sexual harassment scares, degrades people and makes the victim feels shameful, sad, and angry. It leaves the victim a negative memory in the future which he or she will never forget. It is a scar in the mind that reminds people the tragedy will hurts people forever in the rest of their lives.It is a nightma re that wakes people up in the late night and keeps them awake until morning when the sun raises but the sunshine hardly goes throw the window. On the contrary, flirting does not cause any pain for both the actor and receiver. It brings happiness, excitement, and pleasure to them. It is the sweet dream that holds people together, and it is the beginning of a loving relationship or marriage. The difference is important because the results are the main measurement to value each of the two concepts. If sexual harassment ends up to the result of happiness and joy as flirting, then it is not a crime or prohibited by the society. Likewise, if flirting causes painfulness and against the will of the receiver, then it should be considered as a crime which is prohibited by the society.As a result, the difference between the outcomes of the two concepts distinguishes the ideas of flirting and sexual harassment. Some people could give an example of contrary, and it is a true event happened in T oronto. A brother in law was sexually abusing his sister in law by raping. The girl was fighting hard at first, but after a few minutes, the excitement caused by forbidden sex fulfilled her mind. They kept having this relation for a long time and both of them felt happy. The example may prove that the sexual harassment can end up in peace and joy which is the same as flirting, and it shows that flirting is the same as sexual harassment. The author admits that the unexpected sex does cause excitement, and so does the feeling of reaching sexual climax.But, there is no way for this kind of excitement takes the form of happiness. It only causes guilty, disloyalty, and unfaithfulness. No matter how long, there is one day they are going to experience the shame and degradation by their own moral judgement, and find out that sexual harassment is never going to be the same as flirting. The relations between people are getting much more complicate while people are trying to reduce the respons ibilities they should carry on their sexualities. But the sex is never getting any simpler as people expected. Social problems are raised because of the inappropriate attend to sex which is claimed as sexual harassment.It is a one-sided will that hurts the victim and leads to a negative effect on the victim. Although, both sexual harassment and flirting are dealing with sexuality, flirting satisfies both the actor and the reviver’s willingness and has a positive outcome. Outline Position: Flirting and sexual harassment shares a trivial similarity, but essentially different 1. both deal with sex explain first and prove it is trivial by an example with of driving habit in order to show this trivial similarity might leads to important difference Objection: flirting may have negative feed back which result the same as sexual harassment Response: by definition, if it response negatively, then it is not flirting but sexual harassment 2. ne is one-sided willingness, the other satisf ies both wills explain and prove it is important by the basic of human rights and show why harassment is a crime but flirting is not Objection: flirting or harassment is explained only by the opinion of the receiver, if she/he lies the result of a flirting may end up the same as harassment. Response: this case may violate the flirting’s idea of both actor and receiver are happy, so it is a set up but not an action of flirting. 3. outcomes are different Explain that one has possible outcome and one has negative. Objection: the example of sexual harassment proves excitement caused by prohibited sex Response: the excitement is morally wrong and leads to shame and degradation